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"//'j all in the Standard Guided 



PmCE25CE;NTv3 





For Ready Reference see fourth page from cover. 



7^ he Standarii Guide. 

SHORT LINE TO FLORIDA 

And Through and from Florida / 

TO ALL NORTHERN POINTS. 

Florida Central & Peninsular R. R. 

I^AA^&AJ>.AAAAAA^ Double d;iily trains between New York and Jacksonville, 
\ The Only \ ^** Augustine, East Coast Points, Tallahassee, Tarn- 

J \ pa, and all South and West Florida. 

\ Railroad to ► Xi-x\\y between Cincinnati and all above points. Close con- 
\ > nection to and from Chicago and tiie West. 

j SILVER ^ j^^.jy i^^^j^^^,^ St. Louis and Florida. HOLLY SPRINGS 

\ SPRINGS \ ROUTE connects with Chicago, Kansas City and the 

< \ West. NEW ORLEANS, TALLAHASSEE & JACKSON- 

Ar^^rvv-irv^w..** VILLE THROUGH LINE— Only line with through Sleeper be- 

tween these points. Send for best map of Florida, and pamphlet of Hunting and Fishing Resorts. 

AGENCIES: 
J R ADAMS, Gen. East Agent, J R. DUVAI,, Agent, E. D. PALMER, Agent, 

353 Broadway, New York. 205 E. Baltimore St , Baltimore. 197 Washington St., Boston. 

DANIEL LAMMOT, Jr., Agent, W. B. PENNINGTON, Gen. West. Agent, 

40 South Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 169 Walnut St., Cincinnati, O. 

WALTER G. COLEMAN, General Trans. Agent, 353 Broadway, New York. 
W S PENNINGTON, A. O. MAC DONELL, General Passenger Agent, 

' Traffic Manager. Jacksonville, Florida. 

The Standard Guide 

to Washington 

(FLAG ON THE COVER). 

Describes and pictures the Capitol, White House, 

Treasury and other Departments, Washington 

Monument, the Museums, Statues, 

Arlington, Mount Vernon. 

A hand-book on new lines. More than loo illustrations. 

TEXT BY C. B. REYNOLDS. 

Sold everywhere. Price, 2^ cents. 



7 he Standard Collide. 

Merchants & Miners Transportation Co. 

QUEEN OF SEA ROUTES 

TO THE 

North and East, * * 
* South and Southwest. 



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F1RST=CLASS IRON PASSENGER STEAMSHIPS 

With Trained and Experienced Officers, 
ijetavekn 

SAVANNAH and BALTIMORE, 



LEAVING SAVANNAH, 
LEAVING BALTIMORE, 



WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY. 
TUESDAY and FRIDAY. 



Through tickets to all points reached via Baltimore and Savannah for sale in all Railroad Ticket Offices. 
For further information apply to 

A, "L. HUGGIXS, Agent, NEWCOMB COHEN, Travelling A rent, J. J. CAROr,AX, Agent, 

Iionj^ Dock, lialtiiiiore, Md. Jacksonville, Fla. .Savannah, Ga, 

J, C. WHITNEY, Traffic Mgr. A. D. STEBBINS, Asst. Traffic Mgr. W. P. TURNER, Gen. Pass. Agt. 

General Offices, 214 and 216 Water st., Baltimore, Md. 

Circulars also at the Standard GuiJe Information Bureau. 



TJie Sfajidard Guide. 



THE CLYDE STEAMSHIP CO. 




"New York, Charleston and Florida Lines/' 

NORTHBOUND. \ SOUTHBOUND. 

Steamers are appointed to sail according to the tide- ? Steamers are appointed to sail from Pier 29, East River, 



New York, at 3 P. M. as follows: 

For JACKSONVILLE, Fla., 

Mondays, "Wednesdays and Fridays. 

For CHARLESTON, S. C, 

Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. 



From JACKSONVILLE, Fla., 

Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays. 
From CHARLESTON, S. C, 

Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. 

For hour of sailing see Jacksonville and Charleston 
daily papers. = 

The fleet is composed of the following elegant steamers: 
"COMANCHE" rnew), Capt. L. W. Pennington. "ALGONQUIN," Capt. S. C. Piatt. 

"IROQUOIS," Capt. H. A. Bearse. "YEMASSEE," Capt. J. Robinson. 

"SEMINOLE," Capt. I. K. Chichester. "CHEROKEE,'^Capt. Jos. McKee. 

This is the only line of steamers running through to J ACKSOTN^^FL,L,E, FLiA., without change, making 
close connection with all Railroad and Steamboat lines at Charleston, S. C, and Jacksonville, Fla. 

CLYDE'S ST. JOHN'S RIVER LINE, 

(DE B.ARY line) 

Jacksonville, Palatka, Sanford and Enterprise, Fla., 

AND INTERMEDIATE LANDINGS ON THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 

Sailing from Jacksonville daily, except Saturday, at 3:30 P. M,, and from Sanford daily, except Sunday, at 

9 A. M., making close connection with all railroads at Jacksonville, Palatka, Astor and Sanford. 

Through Tickets and Bills of Lading at Lowest Rates to all interior points in Florida. 

Steamer "CITY OF JACKSONVILLE," Capt. W. A. Shaw. Steamer "EVERGLADE," Capt. Creaser. 

Steamer "FRED'K DE BARY," Capt. T. W. Lund, Jr. Steamer "WELAKA," Capt. . 

For further information apply to - 

J. A. LESLIE, Supt., Jacksonville, Fla. JAS. E. EDGERTON, Supt., Charleston, S. C, 

MARSHALL, H. CLYDE, A. T. M. A. J. COLE, Gen'l Pass. Agt. THEO. G. EGER, T.M. 

WM. P. CLYDE & CO., General Agents, 

5 BOWLING GREEN, NEW YORK. 12 SOUTH DEL. AVE., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 



The Standard Guide, 




Tti^Te"^l^5 



PBict One Hundred 

«, Ridden BY Thousands ^. 

& AoniBED BY MiLLIOyNS .« 



Stearns SpEaAL*I25 
Steabns Tande>\ " 150 



E05TEARN5 5C9 

SyracusetN-Y- 




READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 

For flap of St. Augustine see page 15. 

ST. AUGUSTINE is a well-equipped modern city. It has asphalt pavements, gas and electric 
lights, an artesian water system, a tire department, well-stocked markets and stores, elegant 
churches, an increasing number of residences, and palatial hotels which are famous the world over 
and on whose registers are written the names of more than 50,000 guests every winter and spring. 
It is the fashionable winter resort of the United States. Visitors I'lnd every convenience and 
luxurv. The town is renowned for its healthfulness, the climate is equable and has given lease of 
life to thousands who have con.ie hither from the North and West. 

SITUATED on a narrow strip of land running north and south, the town has in front (on the east) 
the Matanzas River or bay, and on the west the St. Sebastian River. Across the bay is Anastasia 
Island; and beyond that — two miles distant — the ocean. 

RAILWAYS. All trains leave from the Union Depot. 

HOTELS, of which announcements will be found in our advertising pages, are : Ponce de Leon, 
Cordova and Alcazar, on King street. Magnolia, St. George street. Florida, St. Cieorge 
street. Barcelona, Carrere street. Buckingham, Granada street. Granada, Granada street. 
La Borde, Marine street. Spear Mansion, St. George street. Lorillard Villa, St. George 
street. 

MAILS. The post office is on St. George street, facing the Plaza. General delivery hours, S A. M. 
to 6 P. M. -Mail time to New York, thirty hours; to Chicago, forty hours. 

TELEGRAPH OFFICES. Alcazar, Hotel Ponce de Leon and Hotel San Marco. 

EXPRESS. Southern Express Co.; office, Nos. 31 and 33 Alcazar, Cordova street. 

BANK. First National Bank, north side of Plaza. Hours, g A. M. to 2 P. M. 

CHURCHES. Episcopalian — Trinity Church, facing Plaza. Methodist — Grace Church, Cordova 
and Carrere streets. Presbyterian — .Memorial Church, \'alencia street. Roman Catholic — 
Church facing Plaza on the north. Baptist — Carrere street. 

PUBLIC LIBRARY. St. George street, in post office building. Non-residents may borrow books 
free of charge. 

STUDIOS. \'alencia street. Hotel Ponce de Leon. 

MUSEUMS. Dr. Vedder's Florida Museum (on Marine, corner Treasury street) is well worth visit- 
ing; its extensive collections of land and marine lite are of decided merit and will repav the atten- 
tion of those who are interested in natural history, and there is abundant entertainment here for an 
hour or a forenoon. 

[Continued on second pagre beyond.] 




Corner ii;th and 1 streets, n. w. 

Circulars aiso at the Standard Guid ; Information Bureau. 



The Standard Gitidc. 

The Florida 

East Coast Hotel System. 

C. B. KINOTT, General Superintendent. 

ST. AUGUSTINE. 

THE FAHOUS CASINO BATHS 

For Men and Women. 

TURKISH AND RUSSIAN BATHS. 

The onh' Turkish and Russian Baths in the State and 
the finest in the South. Dail)' capacity, 200. Where the 
tired and dusty traveler can enjoy the luxur)' of a bath 
before retiring". 4- + '^ +• 4- 

ALCAZAR, Hotel Attached. 

Casino Features this Season: 

- DRY " DEPARTMENT. 

Theater (special attractions). Music, Restaurant, Shuffle 
Boards, Dancing, Croquet, Bowling, 
Pooh Tennis, Billiards. 

"WET" DEPARTMENT. 

Swimmine Pool 120 feet lono- ::;o feet wide; Pluno-e Baths, 

Hot and Cold Tub Baths, Shower Baths, Electric 

Baths, Sulphur Baths; Gymnasium; Special 

Massage Treatment ; Alcohol, Cologne 

and Salt "Rubs"; Pedicure and 

Manicure Attendance. 

NOTE. — The Artesian Water used in these baths is from a special well 1,400 feet deep, 
llowing 10,000,000 yallons daily, bored for the Casino, and is stron;,' in salt, lime, magnesia, 
sulphur, iron and such medicinal qualities highly recommended for their remedial virtues. 

4. .J, ^ ^ A. M. TAYLOR, Manager. 

Circulars also at ihe Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 



Ready Reference Gjtide — Continued. 

POINTS OF INTEREST. 
FORT MARION is open to the public through the day. 
THE CITY GATEWAY is at the head of St. George street. 
THE PLAZA, or park, is in the center of the town. 

THE SEA-WALL was built by the United States Government in 183^-42. See page 30. 
THE ST. FRANCIS BARRACKS are at the south end of the Sea-Wall. 

HARBOR AND BEACHES. Small steam craft ply between wharves and beaches and other 
points, and may be chartered for excursions. A ferry crosses to South Beach and the Lighthouse 

HISTORICAL. 

PONCE DE LEON discovered Florida in 151 2. No permanent settlement was established until 
1565, when Pedro Menendez founded St. Augustine, the oldest town in North America. From the 
massacre of the French Huguenots by Menendez at Matanzas to the close of the Seminole War in 
1842, St. Augustine's three centuries have been crowded with stirring incident and eventful change 
The town remained in the possession of the Spaniards until 1763, when Florida was ceded to Great 
Britain; in 1783 England ceded Florida back to Spain, and the United States came into possession 
in 1821. The massacre of the Huguenots by Menendez, the sacking of St. Augustine by Drake, 
the pillaging by the Boucaniers, the sieges by the British under Moore and Oglethorpe, the vicissi- 
tudes during the Revolutionary War, the coming of the Minorcan refugees, the Seminole War, and 
other incidents are referred to in subsequent pages, while the story of the town's three centuries is 
told in "Old St. Augustine" — a helpful little book, which is to be seen in its coquina binding, at 
all the stores. 



The most attractive and Mstorical point of interest on your return is ATLANTA, GA., and the 



The 

Palace 

Hotel 

Of 

The 

South. 



It is entirely new 
and the most ele- 
gant, com plate, and 
perfect in its ap- 
pointments, cuisine 
and service of any 
hotel palace in the 
South. 



American and 
European Plans 



HOTEL ARAGON. 



'<>«%/ 







ATLANTA has the most equable and uniform climate in the United States, with all the 
features essential to health. Klevation 1085 feet, drainage, dryness of air and absolute 
exemption from epidemics and malaria. 1 he purest of water, clear as crystal. There are many 
attractive drives over roads of historic interest, 'midst beautiful landscape with m untain belted 
horizon from 40 to 100 miles distant. 

Z^^ Beauti/tiUy Illustrated Book with Rates and Full Particulars on Application. 



Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureau. 



The Standa7'd Guide. 



% Sick people, or persons desirino- absolute rest, should investi- -# 

j| gate the true merits of "The Alma," Alma, riichigan. A staff of ^ 

^ reliable and experienced physicians, the guests being under their ^ 

*- constant care and supervision. A valuable equipment of all forms % 

% of reliable remedial appliances. The Alma=Bromo Mineral Water, % 

f; the strongest bromide spring known, is especially beneficial for the -^K- 

§ relief of rheumatism, skin, kidney, nervous and stomach dis= % 

% eases. A liberal cuisine, even temperature, beautiful sun parlors, lux- 

^ urious accommodations — 

^ in fact, everything strictlj- 

% first class. Cases of con- 

^ sumption, epilepsy and 

^ insanity are not admitted. 
^ A beautiful illustraied bro- ^ 

'^ chure sent on application. \^Bm 

Ci| Address V^ 

I Alma Sanitarium Co. 

% Alma, riichigan. 

STEINWAY 




Grand 
Pianos 




Upright 
Pianos 



The Recognized Standard Pianos of the World. 

Pre-eminently the best instruments at present made, exported to and sold in all art centers o<" the globe; 
endorsed and preferred for public and private use by the greatest living artists. 

Illustrated Catalogues Mailed Free on Application. 

STEINWAY & SONS, 
Warerooms: Steinway Hall, = 107=111 East 14th Street, New York. 



The Standard Giiidc. 

The Florida 

East Coast Hotel System. 

ST. AUGUSTINE. - ORMOND. 

Hotel Ponce de Leon, The Ormond. 

Hotel Alcazar, < 

Hotel Cordova, | PALM BEACH. 
The Casino. Hotel Royal Poinciana, 

Russian and Turkish Baths r\ t r» l i „ 

and Swimming Pool. ^ P^lm Beach Inn. 

C. B. KNOTT, General Superintendent. 

PALM BEACH. 

CASINO, 

With its dance and entertainment halls. 

Salt Water Baths. 

Salt Water Swimming Pool. 

Sea Bathing. 

PAVILION. 

Salt and fresh water baths, 

Salt water swimming pool, i6ft. by 70ft, 

5EA BATHING DURING THE ENTIRE WINTER. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 



The Standard Guide 



ST. AUGUSTINE 



By CHARLES B. REYNOLDS 



WITH A DESCRIPTION OF 



The Florida East Coast 



ILLUSTRATED 








^ 






•: ,"' FEB 1 1896 
ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA ^-^ ^—^ ^^ / 



3 



Copyright, 1896, by C. B. Reynolds 



To the Reader 



The Standard Guide is intended to give such prac- 
tical information and intelligent description as, it 
is hoped, may add to the convenience and pleasure 
of the tourist. 

The present edition, which is for the eleventh 
3^ear, appears in an enlarged form, with text re- 
vised to date, and much new material, including a 
description of the East Coast country. The generous list of illus- 
trations given in former editions has also been increased. The 
prose and pictures will in the future prove pleasant reminders of 
one's visit to Florida. 





FROM THK SKA-WAI.L. 






!::5 




CONTENTS, 



St. Augustine, 

The City Gateway, 

The Plaza, 

The Sea-Wall, 

The Ponce ee Leon, 

Fort Marion, 

St. Francis Barracks, - 

Harbor and P5each, 

St. Anastasia Island, - 

As A Health Resort, 

Gun and Rod, 

The East Coast Country. 



Page' 
■ 9 

19- 

2T 
24 

- 25 
40 

- 5- 
54 

- 56. 

- 60. 
65. 




FORT MARION — LOOKING SEAWARD. 







ILLUSTRATIONS. 



MORNIXG AFTER A StoRM, 

Light and Shade, - 

'St. Francis Street, 

A Study in St. Augustine, 

The Gardens with their Palms, 

The Overhanging Balconies, 

Transformed St. George Street, 

The New St. Augustine, 

The Memorial Church, 

A Bit of Old Augustine, 

Morning on the Plaza, 

The Old Cathedral, 

Linger as Cherished Land.marks, 

The Ponce de Leon, 

From the Gateway of the Court, 

Ceiling Fresco, 

ICeiling Fresco, 

The Alcazar, 

Cool, Inviting Vistas, 

The Cordova, 

CoQuiNA Bastions, 



Frontispicc 



PAGE 

- ID 
II 

- 12 

13 

■ 14 

15 

• 16 

17 

■ 18 
22 

- 23 
24 

• 27 
29 
31 

33 
35 
38 
39 
41 



viii Illnstrations. 

PAGE 

Plan df Fort Makiox, - - - - " - ' - 42 

To-Day Touching Hands with Yesterday, - - - ■ ^43 

Chatel Entrance and Casemates, - - - ~ - - 44 

A MoNCMENi' OF Three Centuries, _ . . - ~ - 45 

Osceola and Coacoochee, - - - - - - - 46 

Menendez, ....----•- 4S 

San Juan de Pinos, - - - - - - - 48 

The Siece iiy P"rancis Drake, ....-- 

In the Old Days, .....- = - 

The Siege by Oglethorpe, _.-- = = - 

General Marion, ...-. = ..- 

British Si. At custine, _.. = --- 

The Dade Memorial, _ . - . ^ - - 

French at the River of Dolphins, ..---- 

Ruins of the Matanzas Fort, ..---- 

St. George Street near the P'.aza, ------ 

Indian Mode of Hunting Alligators, . - = - - 

Knows Where to go Fishin', ---■.■■-- 
In Seminole Land, ._-. = -- 

CocoAXUT AT Palm Beach, .--.--- 
One of the Ormond Drives, ------ 

The Tallv-Ho on Ormond Beach, ...--- 
CoQUiNA Shell-Stone, ------- 

Ormond P.each in April, „.----. 

The Walk at Rockledge, . . = . . 

A Rockledge Vista, - __.-.-- 

The Halifax River Shore, _.-.-- 

Sentinel Palmi iioes, ....= = -- 

A Palm Beach Outlook, - - ~ ■ . - 

The Royal Poinciana, - . . . - . 

Architecture of Turkey Creek, . , . - - 

A Seminiile of To-Dav, - __-... 

The East Coast Country, ..,-..- 

A Memory of the East Coast Land, ------ 

*** For permission to use copyrighted photographs, we are iiiHebted to Havens, of Jacksonville; the Artotype Pub. 
Co., of New York; and the W. H. Jackson Photo and Pub. Co., of Denver. 



ST. AUGUSTINE. 




,0RT1FICATI0N and defense were the first thought of 
the Spanish soldiers who founded St. Augustine; and 
they were careful to choose a site which should be a 
stronghold. The situation of the town was admirably 
fitted for such a purpose. St. Augustine is built on a 
narrow strip of land running north and south. In 
front on the east is the Matanzas River, in the rear on 
the west flows the St. Sebastian. 
Distances in St. Augustine are not great. The chief points of interest are com- 
prised within an area of three-quarters of a mile in length; and the tourist who is 
provided with the Standard Guidk will need no other aid in finding his way. 

^ A sea-wall extends along the water front from Fort Marion on the north to the 
United States barracks on the south. In the center of the town is an open square or 
park, called the Plaza. 

The principal streets run north and south; the cross streets at right angles, east 
and west. The main thoroughfare, St. George street, runs through the center of the 
town to the City Gate; from that point it is known as the Shell Road, extending north 
beyond the San Marco Hotel. Treasury street, crossing St. George one block north 
of the Plaza, narrows at the east end to an alley, across which two persons may clasp 
hands. St. Francis street, at the southern extremity of St. George, was long famous 
for its ancient date palm, which was killed by the freeze of 1885. The Alameda 
extends west from the Plaza to the St. Sebastian River. 

Some of the street names are sii-gestive of incidents in the town's romantic history. St. Francis 
commemorates the labors and self-sacrifice of the Franciscan mission fathers, whose monastic institu- 
tion was on the site where the barracks now stand. Cuna and St. Hypolita were given in the Spanish 
supremacy. St. George street was so called in honor of England's patron saint, and Charlotte was the 
name of the queen of King George III. Old St. Augusthte states that the name Treasury is from 
the Spanish term, which signified "the street where the treasurer lives." The treasure (/. e. funds for 
the soldiers' pay, etc.) was kept closely guarded in the fort. 

The narrow little streets, with their foreign names and foreign faces, their 
overhanging balconies and high garden walls, through whose open door one caught 



lO 



The Standai'd Guide. 



a glimpse of orange and fig and waving banana, were once among the quaint char- 
acteristics which made this old Florida town charming and peculiar among all Ameri- 
can cities. But the picturesque streets, of which tourists delighted to write, have 
almost ceased to be a pleasing feature of St. Augustine. Some of them have been 
widened; and others, shorn of their quaintness, are ill adapted to the swelling traffic 




A STUDY OF Lir.HT AND SHADE. 
Charlotte Streei. 



of the "rush season." Reckless drivers crowd the pedestrian to the wall, and well 
may he sigh for the good old times when, tradition says, no wheeled vehicle was 
allowed in St. Augustine. The Standard Guide, we are sure, echoes the sentiment 
of scores of intelligent visitors, when it expresses regret that more adequate appreci- 
ation and foresight should not have prompted to the better preservation of these 
quaint and characteristic features of St. Augustine. 

The aspect of the town has been modified in other respects. The style of archi- 
tecture is undergoing a change; one by one the overhanging balconies are disappear- 
ing from the streets; high stone walls are replaced by picket fences and wire netting; 



12 



The Stajidard Gitide. 










A STUDY IN ST. AUGUSTINE. 
Sketch from paintings by Louis C, Tiffany. 

moss-roofed houses have given way to smart shops; lattice gates are displaced by 
show windows and displays of bargains in ready-made clothing. 

Few of the old dwellings are remarkable for antiquity or peculiarity of construc- 
tion; their picturesque side is usually seen from the street. In former times most of 
the houses were of coquina, a natural shellstone quarried from Anastasia Island, but 
this has been superseded by wood and artificial concrete. 

To tear down and demolish has been the rule with foe and friend alike. Indian, Sea-King, Bou- 
canier, British invader — each in turn has scourged the town; and after the passing of each, it has risen 
again. If we may credit the testimony of visitors here, over St. Augustine has always hung an air of- 
desolation and decay. After the successive changes of rulers, the new has always been built from the 
old. To use the coquina blocks from a dilapidated structure was less laborious than to hew out new 
material from the Anastasia quarries. In this manner were destroyed the coquina batteries, that in 
old times defended the southern line of the town. The stone from one of them was employed in build- 



.^ 






f r ^ 



;?^^.V^ , . 







THK GAKUKNS \V1 1 H THKIK PALMS.' 



14 



TIic Standai'd Guide. 



ing the Franciscan convent, and thence it went into the foundation of the barracks, which rose on the 
convent site. Another lot of coquina passed through a like cycle of usefulness, from outskirt battery 
into parish church, and from parish church to the repair of the city gate. So universal, indeed, has 
been this process of tearing down the old to construct the new, that there are few edifices here to-day, 
concerning whose antiquity we have satisfactory evidence. Boston worships in churches more ancient 
than the cathedral; New Orleans markets are older than the disused one on the plaza; Salem wharves 
antedate the sea-wall; on the banks of the Connecticut, the Hudson and the Potomac stand dwellings 
more venerable than any here on the Matanzas. — Old St. Augustine. 

The people met in the streets are not the picturesque beings described in the 
books of travel written fifty years ago. Most tourists expect to find here a Spanish 

population. They have a 
notion — zealously fostered by 
the stereotyped "Ancient 
City" letter in Northern 
newspapers — that inasmuch 
as St. Augustine was founded 
by the Spaniards there must 
be Spaniards here now. As 
a matter of fact, the swarthy 
Spaniard stalks through the 
streets no longer, save in the 
imagination of feminine cor- 
respondents, who send gush- 
ing screeds to their papers 
The Spanish residents emi- 
grated when Florida was 
ceded to the United States 
seventy- five years ago. 

A portion of the native 
population, distinguished by 
dark eyes and dark complex- 
ions, is composed of the IVIi- 
norcans, but they are now an 
inconspicuous part of the 
winter throngs. They have 
given place to the multitudes 
from abroad; as their ancient 
coquina houses are making 
way for modern hotels and winter -residences. In 1769, during the British occupa- 
tion, a colony of Minorcans arid IVtajorcaas were brought from the Balearic Islands, 
in the Mediterranean Sea, to New Smyrna, on the Indian River, south of St. Augustine. 
Deceived by Turnbull, the proprietor of the plantation, and subjected to gross 
privation and cruelty, they at length appealed to the authorities of St. Augustine, 
were promised protection, deserted from New Smyrna in a body, came to St. 
Augustine, were defended against the claims of Turnbull, received an allotment of 
land in the town, built palmetto-thatched cottages, and remained here after the 
English emigrated. 




"the OVhKHANGl.\(. KA1.< 
Si. George Street. 



T/ic Standard Guide. 



15 



The Fort, the gateway and the old houses are built of coquina (Spanish, signify- 
ing shellfish), a native rock found on Anastasia Island. It is composed of shells and 
shell fragments of great variety of form, color and size. Ages ago these were washed 
up \\\ enormous quantities by the waves, just as masses of similar material are left 




transformp:d st. george street, 

Shotving the Hotel Magnolia. 

now on the beach, where one may walk for mileg through the loose fragments which, 
under favorable conditions, would in time form coquina stone. Cut off from the sea, 
these deposits are in time partially dissolved by rain water and cemented together. 

The new material is a composition of sand, Portland cement and shells. A wall 
is built by moulding successive layers of concrete; as each layer hardens a new one is 
poured in on top of it. The wall is thus cast instead of being built; when completed 
it is one stone; indeed, the entire wall construction of a concrete building is one solid 
mass throughout — a monolith, with neither joint nor seam. The plastic materia) 



i6 



The Standard Guide. 



lends itself most admirabl\- to architectural and decorative purposes, and possesses 
the very important qualities of durability and immunity from destruction bv fire. It 
was first employed in the Villa Zorayda, wcnlhy of note because of the architectural 
design and the elaborate manner in which the owner-architect has successfully de- 
veloped his plan of an oriental building as appropriate to the latitude of Florida. 




The architecture throughout is Moorish, after sketches and {photographs in Spain, 
'Tangier and Algiers. Above the front entrance is the inscription in Arabic letters: 
IVa la ghalih ilia lla — " There is no conqueror but God" — the motto which is every- 
where reproduced on the escutcheons and in the tracery of the Alhambra. 

The Memorial Presbyterian church, erected in 1889 by Mr. H. M. Flagler, is an 
elaborate structure, in the style of the Venetian Renaissance, and in wealth of ex- 
terior decoration surpasses any other building in St. Augustme. 

Other changes have been made in ecclesiastical architecture, most noteworthy 
with respect to the Roman Catholic cathedral on the Plaza. Destroyed by fire in 
1887, it has been rebuilt, enlarged and beautified. The original facade has been 
retained and blends somewhat inharmoniously with the spire rising above it. 
There is in this something typical of that incongruity which characterizes the town, 




THE MEMORIAL CHURCH. 



i8 



The Standard Guide. 



a combination of the ancient and tlie modern, the quaint and venerable and the 
painfully new. 

Because of the pretty fable that the name Florida was given to a "Land of 
Flowers," and because the tropical features of the northern portion of the State have 
been grossly exaggerated, most persons who come to Florida in winter are apt to be 
disappointed when they' find the floral display less profuse and brilliant than they 
anticipated. They forget that like the North, the South also has its seasons, which 
are marked in the same manner if in less degree. Spring is the time of bursting 
l)uds and blossoms, summer of luxuriant and maturing vegetation, autumn of the 
falling leaf; while in winter much of 
the Florida verdure is sere and 
brown, the deciduous trees are bare 
of leaves, and beneath the sombre 
drapings of "Spanish moss," as in the 
North beneath the sheet of snow, the 
earth rests and recuperates. There 
is yet abundance of foliage and color. 
Lemon, orange and lime, oleander, 
olive and magnolia, date palm, pal- 
metto and bay are evergreen; rose 
gardens are in perennial bloom. The 
orange blossoms in the last of Feb- 
ruary or the first of March; the fruit 
ripens from November 15 to Decem- 
ber I, and will hang on the trees until 
the middle of the following May. 

In recent years the town has taken WW^ ' ''^fe^^W ' J 

on a new appearance and character 
From a queerly built old city, whose 
foreign air piqued the curiosity of 
the chance visitor, and hinted at the 
vicissitudes of its "three centuries of 
battle and change," St. Augustine 
has become a fashionable winter resort, whose great hotels dominate the aspect of 
the surroundings, and in their luxury and magnificence have no equals in the 
world; it is the winter Newport, whose visitors are numbered by tens of thousands, 
whose private residences are distinguished for elegance and comfort. Year by 
year the city grows more beautiful, and with each innovation and transformation 
it adds anew to its attractiveness. The old has been supplanted by the new, yet 
St. Augustine preserves a distinctive character all its own, and there is now more 
than ever before about the old city an indefinable charm, which leads one's thoughts 
back to it again, and gladdens the face that is once more turned toward Florida 
and St. Augustine. 

Can life anywhere else be like life in the Ancient City? Upon the tlrst day thereof we are ready to 
swear you, Nay. Upon the one hundred and fifty-first I think we say. Amen. — Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. 




A BIT OF OLD AUGUSTINE, 




THE CITY GATEWAY, 

^i the head of St. George Stj-eet. 

''ANDMARKS are rapidly disappearing from St. Augustine, but the 
pillars of the ancient city gateway still remain as notable monu- 
ments of the past. ^Micn first seen these towers are quite likely 
• T- ^•' to be a disappointment, for their proportions are not so grand as 

they are often pictured. Moreover the gate has been outgrown 
and dwarfed; and it no longer possesses the advantage of a commanding position on 
the town's outskirts. Dwellings crowd close upon it, overtopping the towers; a huge 
hotel looms up beyond. Irreverence might even dub the gateway ridiculous. 

But it was not always so. Inconsequential as may be these towers now, there 
was a time when they stood out bravely enough, and when in their security St. 
Augustine rejoiced. In those days they looked out upon an illimitable wilderness; 
the belated traveler hurried on to their shelter; and the town slept securely when 
the Barrier Gate was fast shut against the midnight approach of a foe from without. 
Stoutly their walls gave their strength when it was needed, and defended for the 
King of Spain his garrison town in Florida. They have witnessed many a narrow 
escape and many a gallant rescue. More than once have they trembled with the 
shock of assault, and more than once driven back the foe repulsed. To-day, dis- 
mantled and useless, out of keeping with the customs of the day and the spirit of the 
age, long since left behind by the outstretching town, the picturesque old ruins linger 
as cherished landmarks. Here we are on historic ground. 

The gateway is the only conspicuous relic of the elaborate system of fortifica- 
tions which once defended St. Augustine. The town being on a narrow peninsula 
running south, an enemy could approach by land only from the north. Across this 
northern boundary, east and west, from water to water, ran lines of fortification, 
which effectually barred approach. From the Fort a deep ditch ran across to the 
St. Sebastian; and was defended by a high parapet, with redoubts and batteries. The 
ditch was flooded at high tide. Entrance to the town was by a drawbridge across 
the moat and through the gate. Earthworks extended along the St. Sebastian River 
in the rear (west) of the town, and around to the Matanzas again on the south. The 
gate was closed at night. Guards were stationed in the sentry boxes. Just within 
whe gate was a guard house, with a detachment of troo])s. 



20 



The Standard Guide. 




7 t 



^^ «>a» 








<s&. 





LINCER AS CHERISHED LANDMARKS. 



"When the sunset gun was fired, the bridge was raised, the gate was barred, 
and the guards took their station. Through the hours of the night — from fort to 
gate, from gate west along the parapet to redoubt Tolomato, from Tolomato to 
redoubt Centro, from Centro to redoubt Cubo on the San Sabastian; thence along 
the river to the farthest battery, and east to the extreme point of the peninsula; then 
north, past powder-house and barracks, on to the plaza, and so back to the watch towers 
of the fort again — went the challenge, Centiiicia alerta ! and came the answer, Alerta 
estd! When once the gate was closed, the belated wayfarer, be he citizen or stranger, 
must make the best of it without the town until morning." Only on extraordinary 
occasions were the bolts thrown back at night, as when some messenger might come 
with urgent dispatches for the Governor. — Old St. Augustine. 



THE PLAZA. 




PLEASING bit of greensward in tlie center of the town is the 
Plaza. It is a public park of shrubber}- and shade trees, with 
monuments and fountains, an antiquated market place invit- 
ing one to loiter, and an outlook to the east over the bay 
and Anastasia Island to the sails of ships at sea. All this is 
the more charming to those who remember the Plaza — not 
so many years ago — when it was an unshaded, unkempt, un- 
inviting waste of scanty turf and blowing sand. Long before 
those days it had been beautiful with orange trees, whose 
wonderful size and fruitfulness are yet among the town's tradi- 
tions. The square is diminutive, but it is unconsciously mag- 
nified because of the contrast to the narrow streets whence one emerges upon its 
stretch of greensward. 

The open structure on the east end of the Plaza is commonly pointed out as the 
"old slave pen," or "slave market," and it is sometimes alleged to have been of 
Spanish origin. It never was used as a "slave pen," nor as a "slave market," nor 
had the Spaniards anything to do with it, for they had left the country twenty years 
before it was built. The market (burned in 1887 and restored) was built in 1840; it 
Vi^as intended for a very prosaic and commonplace use, the sale of meat and other 
food supplies, and it was devoted to that use. A print of the town in 1848 shows the 
market thronged with men and women with baskets; and it is hardly worth while to 
point out that in those days purchasers did not carry home human chattels in baskets. 
The requirements of St. Augustine long since outgrew this primitive style of mart, 
and the Plaza market has become a lounging place where idlers bask in the sun and 
exchange gossip. 

It was not until the influx of curiosity seeking tourists, after the Civil War that 
any one thought of dubbing the Plaza market a "slave pen" or -'slave market." 
The ingenious photographer who labeled his views of the old meat market "slave 
pen " sold so many of them to sensation hungry strangers that he- has since retired 
with a competence; and when he sets up a crest he will no doubt take for his arms a 
negro in chains, after the fashion of old John Hawkins, father of the British slave 



2 2 The Standard Guide. 

trade. The "slave market," "Huguenot Cemetery" and "oldest house" varus have 
been told so often to credulous visitors that there are now some residents of St. 
Augustine who actually almost believe the stories themselves. 

The park takes its name of Plaza de la Constitucion from the monument erected 
here by the Spaniards in 1813. This is a pyramid of coquina, stuccoed and white- 
washed, rising from a stone pedestal, and surmounted by a cannon ball. The exist- 




MORNING ON THE PI.AZA. 
Showing Spanish Monutnent and Old Cathedral. 

ence of such a memorial here in the United States is incongruous, for it commemorates 
a minor event of FAiropean history, when in 181 2 the Spanish Cortes completed the 
formation of a new and liberal constitution. 

'Jlie Spanish inscription on the monument sets fortli, as translated: "Plaza of the Constitution, 
promulgated in the city of vSt. Augustine, in East Florida, ou the lytli day of October, in the year 1S12; 
the Brigadier Don Sebastian Kindalem, Knight of the Order of Santiago, being Governor. For eternal 
remembrance the Constitutional City Council erected this monument, under the superintendence of Don 
Fernando de la Maza Arredondo, the young niunicipal ofhcer, oldest member of the corporation, and 
Don Francisco Robira, Attorney and Recorder. In the year 1S13.'' 

A second monument in the Plaza bears the inscriptions: "Our Dead. Erected b_\- the Ladies' 
Memorial Association of St. Augustine, Fla., A. D. 1S72." "In Memoriam. Our lovctl ones who 
gave their lives in the service of the Confederate States." " They died far from the home that ga\e 
them birth. I'hev have crossed the river and rest under the shade of the trees." 



TJie Standard Guide. 



Originall)', no doubt, the square was designed as a parade for the maneuvering 
of troops. On a map of the town in British times, given in Old St. Augustine, it is 
designated as "The Parade Ground." For this purpose it was employed so late as 
1865, when the sunset dress-parade of the United States troops on the Plaza was— 
next to the daily arrival of the mail stage — the great event of the day. 

Always a place of public assemblage, the Plaza has been the scene of two inci- 
dents which strikingly illustrate the curious vicissitudes of the town's history. The 
first of these was on that historic night in the year 1776 when the loyal British sub- 
jects of King George III. came 
together here and burned in 
effigy two of the signers of the 
Declaration of Independence. 
The second one, nearly a hun- 
dred years later, was the Fourth 
of July gathering of the citizens 
of St. Augustine in mass meeting 
on the Plaza to applaud the read- 
ing of that Declaration, which 
had now a new meaning because 
cemented and made good by the 
tremendous conflicts, the price- 
less sacrifices of the Civil War. 

A person of antiquarian tastes 
might find much of interest in 
the alterations which have been 
made during the last fifty years 
in the Plaza surroundings. The 
Alameda was originally a high- 
walled alley ten feet wide; an- 
other wall shut in the lot where 
the Post Ofiice stands on the site 
of the old Governor's house, and another extended from St. George street east to 
the Cathedral, and then to Charlotte street, where in Spanish times stood the ouard 
house. '' 

Facing the Plaza on the west (St. George street) is the Post Ofiice; the east 
end IS open to the bay. On the south rises the spire of Trinity Church; and on the 
north St. Joseph's Cathedral. The edifice was completed in 1791, burned in 1887 
and rebuilt and enlarged in 1887-88. One of the original bells bears the inscription 
'Sancte • Joseph • Ora ■ Pro • Nobis • D - 168.." It has been claimed tha^ 
this bell IS the oldest on the continent; it may be the most ancient within the limits 
of the Lnited States; it antedates by three years the famous bell in the Dutch church 
at farrytown, N. \ ., which bears the date 1685. The Cathedral is not old when 
compared with numerous other church edifices in this countrv; it is, for example 
nearly a hundred years more modern than the Tarrvtown church referred to 




THE OLU CATIIEUKAL. 




THE SEA-WALL. 



j,^XTENDING from the water-battery of Fort Marion south along the 
water front of the town to the United States barracks, stands 
a sea-wall of coquina capped with New England granite. It 
affords a necessary protection against the encroachment of 
the sea. The site of St. Augustine is so low that under cer- 
tain conditions of wind and tide the waves would inundate 
much of the town. In heavy east storms the water dashes over the top of the wall. 
The need of such a barrier against the sea was recognized at an early time. 
There is a touch of the humorous side of history in the spectacle of Spain, having 
chosen this bit of Florida soil for a town, building first a huge fort to defend it from 
invaders, and then a great wall to protect it from the inroads of the sea. The records 
tell us that the soldiers volunteered their labor and contributed part of their pay 
toward the construction of the first sea-wall. They were wise enough in their day 
and generation to understand that if the town were swept away their lazy occupation 
of garrisoning it would tumble into the sea along with it. The first wall extended 
only to the center of the town; a plan of the town at the time of the British occupa- 
tion, given in Old St. Augustine, shows that the wall then terminated at the Plaza. 

'The present wall was built by the United States, in 1835-42, as a complement to 
the repairs of Fort Marion, at an expense of $100,000. Length, V^ mile; height, 10 
feet; width of granite coping, 3 feet. 

At different points stairways descend to the boat landings at water level; and 
near the Plaza and the Barracks are recesses or basins where boats unload their 
freight and find shelter from storms. 

From the wall a charming prospect is afi"orded of the sail-dotted harbor, the shin- 
ing sand dunes of the beach, the green stretch of Anastasia with the lighthouse rising 
aglinst the eastern sky, and the quivering mirage north and south. The wall itself 
harmonizes admirably with the fort, and its sweeping curves add not a little to the 
beauty of St. Augustine's water front, although the effect has been marred by inter- 
position of numerous wharves Writers of the Sidney Lanier school have not failed 
to extol the sea-wall as a promenade for the moonlight strolls of lovers; there is also 
revealed at every low tide abundant ocular evidence that from time immemorial 
prosaic souls (possiblv the same lovers grown old) have found "over the sea-wall" 
a convenient dumping ground for old bottles, tin cans and other household refuse. 



THE HOTEL PONCE DE LEON, 

IT HAS ever been the fashion in describing St. Augustine to lay emphasis on the 
Spanish character of the town. With the one exception of the fort, however, no 
specially notable example of Spanish architecture was to be found here. 
Throughout the entire period of its rule from Madrid the town appears to have 
been always poor, as the Boucaniers found it in the middle of the seventeenth 
century. And yet no natural conditions were wanting. The sky above St. Augustine 
arches as delicately blue and soft as that of Seville ; the sunlight is as warm and as 
golden as that which floods the patios of Spanish Alcazars; the Florida heavens are 
as radiantly brilliant by night, and the full moon floats as luminously above the 
Atlantic coast as where the pinnacles and minarets of Valencia glitter in its beams on 
the Mediterranean shore. Add to these natural adaptations the historic associations 
of Spain and the Spaniards, and there is little room for wonder that the visitor looked 
for some architectural monuments, other than gloomy fortifications, to commemorate 
the dignity and pride of the ancient Spanish rule. 

Among those who as tourists found their way to St. Augustine was Mr. Henrv 
M. Flagler, of New York. He recognized the possibilities of the place, and happily 
resolved to make them good. 

The architects to whom the scheme was imparted, and the execution of it in- 
trusted, caught its spirit and entered upon their task with the enthusiasm born of a 
ready sympathy. The style most appropriate was manifestly to be sought in the 
architecture of Spain, and must be Spanish, not Moorish. Selection was made of the 
Spanish Renaissance, and this was well chosen, for it was that style whose development 
coincided with the most glorious period of Spanish history. It was in the ever mem- 
orable age when the Moors had been expelled from Granada and all Spain was united 
under Ferdinand and Isabel, when Spanish explorers were conquering America, when 
into the treasury of Spain was flowing the wealth of the Indies, and when the em- 
pire was at the zenith of opulence and power — that Spanish architecture found its 
highest expression in Renaissance forms. It was in the epoch-making years when 
Columbus gave to Ferdinand and Isabel a new world that Diego de Siloe planned 
the Cathedral of Granada, in whose magnificent Capilla Real the .sculptured effigies 
of those sovereigns repose. While Cortez and Pizarro were looting the Sun temples 
and in their greed obliterating the monuments of civilizations in Mexico and Peru 



26 The Standard Guide. 

Spanish architects were building cathedrals and universities and royal courts, Vandel- 
vira at Jaen, Pedro Gumiel at Alcala in Aragon, and Mechuca and Berreguete at 
Granada. The beginning of the Spanish Renaissance, too, was in the years of Ponce 
de Leon and the discovery of Florida; its glory had not passed when our old Florida 
town was established. None more fitly chosen then; nor unless architectural style be 
wholly meaningless could the purpose of the hotel architects have been so well attained 
with any other. And since history is so largely a chronicle of wars and conquests, and 
the records of the early years of St. Augustine have in them so much that is dark 
and cruel and forbidding in Spanish character, we ought to be grateful both for the 
generous enterprise which planned this architectural adornment of the city, and for 
the good taste which has embodied in that adornment a reminder of the brighter 
qualities of the Spanish race, its genius and its art. 

The grounds chosen as a site were those which will be readily identified by 
former visitors, when it is stated that they included the Anderson and Ball estates. 
These were and are the most beautiful in St. Augustine, with groves of orange and 
lemon, moss-hung lanes, orange archways, mulberries, magnolias and myrtles, palms 
and palmettos, lawns, hedges and rose gardens. Amid these surroundings has 
risen the Hotel Ponce de Leon, imposing in magnitude, graceful in proportions, 
beautiful in design and exquisite in the profusion and richness of its decorative details. 

The general arrangement of the hotel is shown in the illustration on page 29. 
The main structure is built on three sides of a quadrangular court, on the fourth 
side of which e.xtends a one-story portico, with a gateway in the center. The front- 
age on the Alameda is 380 feet, the depth on Cordova street 520 feet. The inclosed 
court is 150 feet square. The main building with the court covers an area of four 
and one-half acres, the dining hall and the other buildings one and one-half acres 
more. The towers rise 165 feet against the sky. The hotel has 450 rooms. These 
are figures of magnitude; and yet so beautiful is the composition, so true are the 
proportions, so varied the outlines, that the vast size is not at first comprehended 
nor thought of. Only after familiarity do we gain a conception of the magnificent 
distances. Moreover, simply to regard it as a great inn, even though as one unsur- 
passed for elegance and luxury, is to take an inadequate view of the Ponce de Leon. 
A vast caravansary indeed, but first and chiefly an example of architectural design, 
commanding admiration and repaying careful study; its qualities to be appreciated 
aright only by those who can estimate them by some other measure than the ordinary 
American standards of bigness and cost. 

As we approach the hotel, attention is first attracted to the graceful towers, then 
to the great dome and its copper lantern, and then to the broad roofs with their red 
crinkled tiles and their dormer windows, the porticoes, loggias, and the corner turrets 
carried up into low towers with open galleries and overhanging roofs. 

The main material is the shell concrete, which has been described in the fore- 
going chapter; and the hotel thus partakes of the monolithic character of concrete 
buildings. Brick is used in the arches and window jambs; and the corbels, balconies 
and ornaments are of terra-cotta. 

The color effects are in the highest degree pleasing. The prevailing tint is the 




^ is 



2 8 The Standard Guide. 

delicate pearl-gray of the concrete, which turns to a blue in the shadows, and serves 
most admirably to set off the red brick work, the bright salmon of the terra-cotta, 
and the glowing red of the Spanish roof tiles. The shades harmonize deliciously. 
It is worth while, too, to note the entire absence of paint, and that the color effects 
of the exterior are all secured by the inherent shades of the materials of construction. 
This rule likewise prevails in the court, which, in keeping with the Spanish Renais- 
sance style, is more highly decorated than the outer walls; and again in the marbles 
and woodwork of the interior. 

From no point of view are the external forms and colors other than pleasing; 
there are no blank sheer walls, nor any unfinished sides to hide; everywhere is com- 
pleteness, and everywhere dignity and grace of outline. Thus viewed from without, 
the hotel is a structure whose architectural merits are not fully comprehended on the 
instant. The effects vary with the hours; all day long the changing lights and the 
play of the shadows reveal new combinations of beauty, and when illuminated at 
night the hotel is still a delight to the eye. For the Ponce de Leon, it must be 
remembered, is a true work of art, and like every creation of cultivated taste, it 
improves with study, and growing on one commands renewed admiration the longer 
it is contemplated. 

If this is true of the general impression, when one looks upon it from the Ala- 
meda, or from the west through the green foliage of orange and oak, much more is 
it true when we come to study the details of construction and decoration within. As 
we have said, the dream of the projector of this palatial structure did not end with 
the erection of a richly appointed and luxurious hotel; his purpose reached beyond 
this and demanded that as the shell material of the walls was found here on Anastasia 
Island, and the hotel was in its very structure to be of St. Augustine, so in their dec- 
oration the walls should speak as with a thousand tongues of Spanish St. Augustine 
and its storied past. The architects and artists spent two years in perfecting these 
details; and how successfully their task has been accomplished will be seen on a 
closer examination. We shall miss a full appreciation of the merits of their work, 
unless we bear constantly in mind the historical theme they have sought to illustrate; 
the significance of the adornments are not to be comprehended by one who is igno- 
rant of or wholly indifferent to the chronicles of St. Augustine. 

The historic symbolism of the decoration is to be observed at the very gateway 
of the court. The entrance, in the center of the one-story portico, on the Alameda, 
is designated by two independent gateposts, on each one of which, carved in high 
relief, is a lion's masque. It is the heraldic lion of Leon, that sturdy Spanish town 
which so long and so bravely withstood the Moors; and an emblem, too, of tne 
doughty warrior, Juan Ponce de Leon, proclaimed in his epitaph "a lion in name and 
a lion in heart." These posts have highly finished capitals in Spanish Renaissance 
patterns. The full-centered arch of the gateway is surmounted by a heavy over- 
hanging roof; and in the deep coves of the eaves are arched panels filled with ara- 
besques and tracery in richly-tinted faience. Above, repeated in the spandrels of the 
panel arches, is the stag s head, the sacred totem of Seloy. 



30 The Standard Guide. 

Without the council hall, aloft on its staff was the efifigy of an antlered stag, looking out over the 
ocean toward the sunrise. For annually, at the coming of spring, the people of Seloy selected the skin 
of a huge deer, stuffed it with choicest herbs and decked it with fruits and flowers; and then bearing 
it with music and song to the appointed spot and setting it up on its lofty perch, consecrated it as a 
new offering to the Sun god, that because of it he might smile upon the fields and fructify the planted 
seed and send to his children an abundant harvest — Old St. Augustine, ''The Huguenots in Florida." 

Passing beneath the raised portcullis of the gateway and through the portico, we 
enter the fountain court, a deUcious mass of fohage in many shades of green, with 
tropical plants, waving plumes, brilliant flowers, and a fountain plashing in the center. 
On the north side of the court, directly opposite the gateway, is the grand en- 
trance; and in the centers of the wings, east and west, are other entrances. From 
the gateway and the entrances walks converge to the fountain in the center, and are 
intersected by another circular walk, which runs around the court. The whole area 
is thus divided into garden terraces of geometric patterns, after the Spanish manner. 
The court is surrounded by arcades, whose pillars and arches give them the char- 
acter of cloistered walks. Rooms open upon the arcades, vines clamber over their 
arches, and easy chairs invite to repose. The ranges of windows in the secoiid story 
are broken, in the spaces above the doorways, by arched open balconies; and around 
the third story, just beneath the overhanging roof, is a continuous loggia, whose 
carved woodwork is in pleasant contrast with the masonry. Still higher, in the great 
red roofs, are the rows of dormer-windows, giving a cosy, home-like character to the 
whole composition, and suggesting swallows under the eaves, although there are no 
swallows here. The central dome of the main building is one of the distinguishing 
features of the Spanish Renaissance, and the open arcaded story at the top was with 
the architects of that period a favorite device to secure lightness and deep shadows. 

Turn which way we will in the court, there are charming combinations of light 
and shade; the general effect is restful; there are cool inviting vistas everywhere. 
Here, where the sun shines in winter as in summer, the architects have improved 
every opportunity to make the most of shadow effects; and the overhanging roofs, 
affordmg grateful shade, are repeated ^gain and again. 

From the gateway of the court the majestic towers are seen for the first time in 
their full proportions. The towers are square, with a balustrade about the top, and 
from the upper platform is carried up a round tower, with high conical roof, sur- 
mounted by an elaborate metal finial. Each side of the square tower is pierced near 
the top with an arched window, opening upon a flat corbelled balcony, with a low 
projection. These windows remind us of the balconies of Mohammedan mosques; 
and from them, at morning, noon or nightfall, we might almost expect to hear the 
muezzin's call to prayer. Above these windows is an open gallery of observation. 
The massive and donjon character, which towers of this magnitude might easily 
have, has been entirely avoided, and their chief characteristic, considering the size, 
is an airy lightness entirely in keeping with the remainder of the composition. The 
shadow and color combinations, as the eye follows the stately tower to the bright 
metal tip, 165 feet against the blue sky, are changeful and effective. 

Crossing the court, past the fountain — which is a well-ordered combination of 




1^ 






32 The Standard Guide. 

marble, stone and terra-cotta, the shaft being of terra-cotta inlaid with marble mosaics, 
surrounded with grotesque frogs and turtles and other water creatures in the basins, 
all spouting water in different directions — we approach the grand entrance. This is a 
full-centered arch, twenty feet wide. Around the face of the arch, in a broad band, 
carved in relief on a row of shields, a letter to a shield, runs the legend. Ponce de Leon. 
Garlands depend from the shields, which are supported by mermaids. This is an- 
other suggestion of the sea as the source whence came the shell composite of the hotel 
walls; and also of the sea as the field of his achievements whose name is here in- 
scribed. The suggestion is further emphasized in the shell-patterned diaper in the 
spandrels of the arch, and yet again in the marine devices of the coats-of-arms on the 
two shields. To complete the composition of the doorway, there are above the main 
arch six small full-centered arches, in pairs, carried on spirally-fluted columns.- About 
each pair of arches is an elaborate belt moulding, which is also carried down in vert- 
ical lines on each side of the main door, terminating in corbels at the springing line 
of the arch. On either side of the door is a circular window of stained-glass of geo- 
metric pattern. 

The other entrances, on the east and west, should have attention before we leave 
the court. In the wall, on each side of the doorway, is a deep fountain niche, with 
the top carried up into pinnacles, which give fine shadow effects. The water issues 
from the mouth of a dolphin. Above the door, in the key of the arch, is a shield 
with a shell device, and medallions with Spanish proverbs occupy the spandrels. As 
in the main entrance, the composition of the doorway is completed by arched open- 
ings above; the arches are carried on similar spirally-fluted columns, and there are 
elaborate belt mouldings. The dolphins of the fountain niches have special appro- 
priateness; they are not only typical of the sea, but have a local significance as well, 
for the bay of St. Augustine once bore the name River of Dolphins, given it by 
Laudonniere, the Huguenot captain, who anchored his ships here in 1564 (see p. 75). 
The allusion to the sea, in the dolphins and the shells, is a motive repeated again and 
again throughout the hotel; even the door-knobs are modeled after shells. 

The garlands and Cupids on the window caps and the other decorations and orna- 
ments of the court deserve a more minute description, but their elaborateness and pro- 
fuseness forbid more than just an indication of them. The amount of wall space is 
•so enormous that it was impossible to treat all the surfaces with like richness; this led 
the architects to distribute the ornamentation and make it very rich, thus forming the 
;most happy contrasts, really producing all the effect that it was possible to obtain, 
and avoiding the fault of over-decoration. 

Standing in the doorway of the main entrance and looking through the pillars of 
the vestibule to the caryatides of the rotunda, and beyond them to the marble columns 
at the entrance of the dining hall, we begin to have some conception of how rich and 
palatial is the hotel. The vestibule opens upon a corridor, surrounding a rotunda 
which occupies the great central space of this main building. On the right a broad 
hall leads past the hotel office to various public rooms; another on the left leads to 
the ground parlor; and directly opposite, a broad marble stairway ascends to the 
dining hall. The pavement of vestibule, corridor '■nd rotunda is a mosaic of tiny 




■"^ 




.-f#*?*fe». 





^* 



■> ^ 



*K S^ J 





34 The Standard Guide. 

bits of marble, laid in Renaissance manner. The wainscoting of the vestibule is of 
choice Numidian marbles imported from Africa; that of the corridor is of quartered 
oak. Marble fireplaces of generous dimensions give an air of welcome, and all the 
suggestions are of hospitality and comfort. 

In composition and decoration the rotunda is a marvel of grace and beauty. 
The immense dome is supported by four massive piers and eight pillars of oak, carved 
into caryatides of life size, cut from the solid quartered wood, and terminating in. 
fluted shafts. The sylph-like figures have laughing, mischievous faces, and a won- 
drous semblance of life. They are in groups of four, standing back to back; and so 
graceful are the forms, so light and airy the poses, we forget the tremendous weight 
they are supporting. The rotunda is four stories in height, forming arcades and 
galleries at each story whose arches and columns are of different designs. These 
galleries overhang each other, and are supported by decorated vaults forming pene- 
trations. The effect is most pleasing, as one looks up through the entire open space, 
to the great circular penetration in the vault of the dome, sixty-eight feet above. 

While the decorations here are true to the Spanish Renaissance style, the motives 
for them have been found in the Spain and the Florida of the sixteenth century; the 
symbolism is of the spirit of that age and the impulses which then held sway. 
Painted on the pendentives of the cove ceiling of the second story, are seated female 
figures typical of Adventure, Discovery, Conquest and Civilization. Four other 
figures, which are standing, represent the elements, Earth, Air, Fire and Water. The 
paintings are in oil on a silver ground; the colors are rich and varied, and the ac- 
cessories chosen with excellent taste. In the four subjects last named the com- 
position is completed with arabesque figures of appropriate designs; and the several 
backgrounds are scattered with distinctive emblematic devices. 

Adventure wears a cuirass and in her helmet an eagle's crest. She holds a drawn 
sword. The pose is eager and alert; the features and the bearing denote reckless 
enterprise, courage, readiness to encounter peril, and the resolution which overcomes. 
The emblems on the background are arrows radiating in different directions. 

Discovery is robed in drapery whose blue is the blue of the sea. In her right 
hand is held a globe, the other rests upon a tiller. The pose of the head and the far 
reaching gaze are as if with swelling heart she were surveying the outstretched ex- 
panse of a newly-revealed continent. The emblems are sails. 

Conquest, clad in martial red, with helmet and cuirass of mail, firmly grasps an 
upright sword, significant of might and war-won supremacy. The look in her face is 
of exultant mastery, grim consciousness of power, and a purpose inexorable. On the 
background are daggers. 

Civilization is clothed in white and wears a crown. In her lap is an open book, 
the symbol of knowledge. Her face has the repose of dignity and benevolence. The. 
background reveals the repeated figure of the cross, suggesting the civilizing in- 
fluences of Christianity. 

Earth is represented as of dark complexion and is clad in robes of russet. She 
extends a horn of plenty, overflowing with fruits and the bounties of the earth; and 
by gracefully floating ribbons holds captive two peacocks, the most gorgeous birds of 




< a. 



J 



6 The Standa7^d Guide. 



the earth, as distinguished from those of the air. Snails are the devices on the 
background. 

Air is an etherial form, with winged heels, fair hair and diaphanous drapery 
of a very pale blue tint which fades at times almost into absence of color. One hand 
restrains the flight of two magnificent eagles, and in the other are lightly held dande- 
lion downs, ready at a breath to spring into the air and float away on the zephyrs. 
This is one of the most charming conceits in the whole scheme of decoration. The 
emblems on the background are dragon-flies and butterflies. 

The figure of Fire, auburn-haired and clothed in drapery of glowing red, stands 
amid tongues of flame and holds on high a blazing torch. The arabesques are sal- 
amanders, embodying the only life fabled to live in fire. The emblems are flames. 

In sharp contrast with these brilliant hues are the marine tints which predominate 
in the pictured fancy of Water. She is fair-skinned and fair-haired; her robes are 
of a very pale green and white; and she stands in a shell to which sea- mosses are 
clinging. With ribbons she controls two prancing sea-horses, emblematic of the 
ocean's restlessness and might. On the background are starfishes. 

The decorations in the penetrations are lyres with swans on either side. The 
lyres are surmounted alternately by a masque of the Sun god of the Florida Indians, 
and by the badge of the most illustrious order of Spanish knighthood, the Golden 
Fleece, depending from its flint-stone surrounded by flames of gold. Where this ap- 
pears, the design of the border is the Collar of the Golden Fleece, the chain of double 
steels interlaced with flint-stones. 

Below in the spandrels of the corridor arches is seen the stag's head, barbaric 
emblem of sun-worshipping Selpy. Shields bear the arms of the present provinces 
of Spain, and on cartouches are emblazoned the names of the great discoverers of 
America. Cornucopias are favorite forms here, as elsewhere throughout the hotel. 

The decorations do not end with this story. The upper dome is modeled in 
high relief; around its base dances a band of laughing Cupids; between these 
figures are circular openings; and the vault above is all modeled with delicate tracery 
of pure white and gold effects; casques and sails signify the military and maritime 
achievements of Spain; and the crown of the dome is surrounded with eagles. 

A broad stairway of marble and Mexican onyx leads from the corridor to a landing, 
from which is entered the passage leading to the dining hall. In delightfully antique 
letters set in mosaic in the floor of the landing, is the aptly chosen verse of welcome, 
taken from Shenstone: 

Whoe'er has travell'd life's dull round, 
Where'er his stages may have been, 
May sigh to think he still has found 
The warmest welcome at an inn. 

From this landing, stairways of oak lead to the rotunda and halls above. The wain- 
scoting of the stairways is of Verona and pink Numidian marble; and above this, set 
in the walls, in frames of oak, are two paintings, "The Landing of Columbus," and 
"The Introduction of Christianity to the Huns by Charlemagne." The passage 
to the doors of the dining hall is beneath a beautifully chiseled arch of Verona 



The Standard Guide. -.7 

marble, of a deep red color; and in the spandrels are mosaic patterns of Numidian, 
Verona and Sienna marbles, and African and Mexican onyx. A font-shaped bal- 
cony projects above, supporting a musicians' gallery, which overlooks both the 
rotunda and the dining room. This balcony is of Verona marble, and the railing is 
delicately carved in oak. Here again note that the effects of elegance and richness 
are not secured by surface paint, but by the employment of materials in which those 
qualities are inherent. 

The dimensions of the dining hall are magnificent. It has an area of 90 by 150 
feet; and there are seats for 800 guests. The main hall, 90 feet square, is divided 
from two semi-circular alcoves on the east and west ends by rows of oak columns. 
These columns support a great elliptical barrel-vault, and the clerestory is pierced with 
stained-glass windows, forming penetrations. The ceiling is 36 feet measured from 
the floor to the apex of the vault. The rounded ends of the alcoves have great bay- 
windows. Two musicians' galleries overhang the hall, one on the north and one on 
the south. In its wealth of adornment this hall is the pride and masterpiece of 
the hotel. Beauty of form, which everywhere charms the eye, is supplemented by 
richness and harmony of color, and these in turn by the good taste shown in the 
choice of themes for the decoration. Of the work which has here been lavished, 
on every side, by loving hands, no just appreciation can be had except after repeated 
study of the details, and no description of it can be made fully intelligible without 
the aid of illustrations. The light is mellowed in its passage through the stained- 
glass windows of the clerestory and through the magnificent masses of stained and 
clear leaded glass which make up almost the entire ends of the rounded extensions. 
The prevailing shade is a creamy yellow, variety being secured by the different colors 
employed in the decorations. 

On each end, north and south, of the central hall is a high wainscoting in antique 
oak of choice grains. Above this, on a ground of blue green, is a panel of dancing 
Cupids, with roguish faces and outstretched hands, representing the feast; some ex- 
tend clusters of luscious grapes, and bread and cups of wine in welcome to the 
guests, while others ladle steaming oUa from great Spanish calderons. On the wall 
above are pictured ships of Spain, with sails full set and gracefully waving streamers 
and pennants; they are the high-pooped Spanish caravels of the sixteenth century, 
just such vessels as that in which came Ponce de Leon to Florida in his search for 
the fountain. In the key of the arch over the musicians' balcony is a shield bearing 
an heraldic device, with legend, '' P de L — 1885-1887." Dancing girls support the 
shield, and outside of these are figures of Fame blowing trumpets. Four mermaids 
one in each corner, support the border which goes over the ends of the ceiling. 
On the yellow surface of the vault are delicate arabesques traced in various colors 
and gold and silver. 

On the pendentives between the stained-glass windows, allegorical paintings 
represent the Four Seasons. They are female figures, winged to typify their 
rapid flight; and the two different fancies present a dual conception of each 
subject. In grace of form not less than in their admirable color effects these paint- 
ings are as worthy of careful study as were those of the rotunda. For his colors the 



38 



The Standard Guide. 



artist has gone to nature. I'he pale draperies of Spring reflect the deUcate green 
shades of the fresh May foHage ; in one fancy she is pictured as sowing grain ; in the 
other she holds spring flowers and a brancii with bursting buds. The draperies of 
the figures of Summer are bright in color ; in one fancy the accessories are a sheaf 
of wheat and a sickle; in the other luxuriant summer verdure. Autumn is given 
russet robes ; one flgure with bunches of purple grapes represents the vintage ; the 




"cool, invitinc, vistas." 

other dancing, with a tambourine, the merry-making of the harvest home. In the 
paintings of ]]^intcr the colors are rich and warm ; the two aspects of the season 
here depicted are its hardships and its festivities ; tlie first figure, warmly clad, with 
bright scarf and closely muffled hood, bears an axe and a bundle of fagots; the 
other, partially draped, is bringing in the boar's head. The grand parlor is a mag- 
nificent room 104X53 feet. The walls and decorations are in ivory-white and gold, 
with fresccjes by Tojetti of ("upids and garlands and filmy drapery amid the clouds 
in the corner ceilings. 

On the south side of the Alameda, opposite the Ponce de Leon, is the Alcazar, 
an adjunct of the hotel, and in architecture a fitting complement of it. The Alcazar, 
of Spanish Renaissance style, and of a design which, like that of the Ponce de Leon, 



The Standard Guide. 



39 



is original throughout. Within is a court of flowers, shrubbery and vines, with an 
ingenious fountain playing in the center. The court — not unworthy to be compared 
with the patios of the Alcazars in Spain — is surrounded by an arcade, upon which 
open shops and offices. Beyond this court are the great swimming pools of sulphur 
water from the artesian wells and of salt water from the bay. South are tennis courts. 
The group of concrete hotels on the Alameda is completed by the Hotel 
Cordova. The Cordova was designed by Mr. F. W. Smith. In style it does not 
follow the Spanish Renaissance architecture; the suggestions for its heavy walls and 
battlemented towers were found in the .strong castles and town defenses of Spain; 
it recalls those architectural monuments of the warring ages of the past; vast piles 
of masonry, which grew with the increments of hundreds of years, amid the conflicts 
of Roman and Goth and Moor and Christian. Thus the archway on the north 
fa9ade, formerly a gateway, flanked by massive towers round and square, was an 
adaptation of the Puerto del Sol, or Gate of the Sun, of Toledo, one of the famous 
remains of the Moorish dominion in Spain. There is something in the strength of 
the Cordova that recalls to old residents of St. Augustine the coquina defenses 
which once distinguished this locality; opposite the Cordova was the high-walled 
garden of the Spanish Governor with its battery facing the west. The balconies of 
the lower range of windows are the "kneeling balconies" of Seville, so called 
because the protruding base was devised by Michael Angelo to permit the faithfu' 
to kneel at the passing of religious festivals. 




THE CORDOVA. 



FORT MARION. 







ORT MARION is at the north end of the sea-wall 
and commands the harbor. It is not occupied by 
troops. Open daily (admission free) from 8 A. M. 
to 4 P. M. Afternoon is the most pleasant time for 
visiting the fort. Sergeant George M. Brown, who 
is in charge, will conduct visitors through the case- 
^ ,^ - mates. For this service, which is entirely voluntary, a fee 
^■-^^S^^'^- -- '^ J is usually given. The fort, which is the only example of 
_^^^^^-> mediaeval fortification on this continent, is a magnificent 

specimen of the Trt of military engineering as developed at the time of its construc- 
tion. It is a massive structure of coquina stone, with curtains, bastions, moat and 
outworks, covering, with the reservation, more than twenty-two acres. 

Surrounding the fort on the three land sides is an immense artificial hill of earth, 
called the glach. From the crest of the glacis on the southeast, a bridge (i), formerly 
a drawbridge, leads across part of the moat to the barbacan. The barbacan is a for- 
tification, surrounded by the moat, directly in front of the fort entrance, which it was 
designed to protect. In the barbacan at the stairway (2) are the Arms of Spain. A 
second bridge (3), originally a drawbridge, leads from the barbacan across the wide 
moatXo the W/)'-/^r/ (4), which is the only entrance to the fort. This was provided 
with a heavy door called the portcitUis. On the outer wall, above the sally-port is the 
ereutcheon, bearing the Arms of Spain; and the Spanish legend, which read: 

REYNANDO EN ESPANA EL SEN^ 
DON FERNANDO SEXTO Y SIENDO 
GOVoR Y CAPN DE ESa Cd San AUGn DE 
LA FLORIDA E SUS PROVa EL MARESCAL 
DE CAMPO DNALONZO FERNdo HEREDA 
ASI CONCLUIO ESTE CASTILLO EL AN 
OD 1756 DIRI^ENDO LAS OBRAS EL 
CAP INGNRo DN PEDRO DE BROZAS 
Y GARAY 

Translation: "Don Ferdinand VL, being King of Spain, and the Field Marshal Don Alonzo 
Fernando Hereda being Governor and Captain-General of this place, San Augustin of Florida, and its 
province, this fort was finished in the year 1756. The works were directed by the Captain-Engineer, 
Don Pedro de Brozas of Garay." 



The Standard Giiide. 



The inscription has been almost obliterated by the elements. Its present condi- 
tion is admirably shown in the illustration on the opposite page. 

At the second drawbridge we come face to face with tlie main entrance, surmounted by a tablet 
bearing an inscription and the Spanish Coat of Arms. ' It seems to be two dragons, two houses for the 
dragons, and a supply of mutton hung up below,' said Sara irreverently making game of the royal 
insignia of Spain. — Constance Fcniniorc IVoolsoii. 

Within the fort on the right of the entrance hall (5) is the old bake room (6), and 
beyond this are two dark chambers (7 and 8), which were probably used for storage. 
On the left \^\\\q. guards room (7 left). The hall opens upon a large square court 

(103 by 109 feet). Around 
this court are casemates (10), 
or rooms which were used for 
barracks, rnessrooms, store- 
rooms, etc. Some of these 
casemates were divided into 
lower and upper apartments. 
To each casemate on the 
west side a beam of light is 
admitted through a narrow 
window or embrasure^ high 
up near the arched ceiling. 
From the first east casemate 
a door leads back into an in- 
terior dark room (9). From 
the furthest casemate (11) on 
the same side an entrance 
leads back into a dark cham- 
ber (12), off from which a 
narrow passage leads through 
a wall 5 feet deep into a 
space 6 feet wide; and from 
this a low aperture 2 feet 
square gives access through 
another wall 5 feet deep, into 
, „ , , , 0^1 . /i»f,\ „,„,He' an innermost vault or cham- 

5, hall, 6, bake room. 7, 8, dark rooms. 7 (lett) guards 

room. 9, interior dark room. 10, 10, casemates. 11, casemate. 12, interior bcr (14), whicll is 19/^ fcCt 

darkroom. 14, bomb proof ig.chapel. x6.darkroom. xo., treasurer's room. ^ / ^^^^ hxO?.d., and 8 

ICKT, casemate from which Coacoochee escaped. B, bastion. W, water-tower. &) J/ ) 

feet high. The arched roof 
is of solid masonry. There is no other outlet than the single aperture. This is the far 
famed " dungeon " of Fort Marion. It was designed for a powder magazine or a bomb- 
proof. When the fort was in repair the chamber was dry and fit for use as a safe 
deposit for explosives; but when the water from above percolated through the coquina, 
this bomb-proof or powder magazine became damp and unwholesome. For this 
reason it was no longer used except as a place to throw rubbish into. Then it bred 




PLAN OF FORT MARION. 
From Old St. A ugustine. 
I, bridge from barbacan to glacis. 2, stairway to barbacan 
moat. 4, sally-port 



3, bridge over 
7 (left) guards' 



TJic Standard Guide. 



4: 



fevers; an-d finally, as a sanitary measure, the Spaniards walled it up, and the middle 
room (12) as well. They did this in the readiest way by closing the entrance with 
coquina masonry. AMien the United States came into possession of the fort the 
officers stationed here did not suspect the existence of these disused chambers, 
although among the residents of the town were men who had knowledge of them, 
and of their prosaic use as a deposit for rubbish. One of these residents, who was 
still living in iSSS, related to the writer his recollection of the disused powder maga- 
zine, as he was familiar with it when he was a boy employed at the fort. In 1839 the 




TO-DAY TOUCHINTt HANDS WITH ^ i .- I KK h A S 



masonry above the middle chamber caved in, and while the engineers were making 
repairs, the closed entrance to the innermost chamber was noticed, and investigation 
led to its discovery. Refuse and rubbish were found there. The report was given 
out — whether at the time or later — that in this rubbish were some bones. From this 
insignificant beginning the myth-makers evolved first the tale that the bones were 
human; then they added a rusty chain and a staple in the wall — a gold ring on one 
skeleton's finger — instruments of torture — iron cages — a pair of boots — and a Spanish 
Inquisition tale of horror. The guide books of ten years ago were devoted chiefly 
to the dungeon story. Writers from St. Augustine have rung the changes on it; 
we quote some of them and by way of comment add a paragraph from '' Old St. 
Augustine:" 



44 



The Standard Guide. 



In one of them [the two chambers] a wooden machine was found, which some supposed might 
have been a rack, and in the other a quantity of human bones. — William Cullcn Bryant (1842). 

A human sl<eletcn, with the fragments of a pair of boots and an empty mug for water, it is alleged, 
were discovered within. * * * As to the name, character, standing, guilt or innocence, pleasures 
or pain, of the poor unfortunate to whom the boots and bones beionged, there is silence. — Rci'. K. K. 
Se%vall{\%^%). 

There was found in one corner of it a human skeleton, the soles of a pair of shoes, and an earthen 
jug and cup. Not a single other object did its naked, shiny, arched walls cover. — Chas. Laiiinaii { 1S54). 

Legends connected with the dark chambers and prison vaults, the chains, the instruments of tor- 
ture, the skeletons walled in, its closed and hidden recesses. — Geo. A. Fairbauks (1858). 

The incident, even if true, might well be spared. Who thinks otherwise has strangely misread the 
history of the changing fortunes which transformed the Indian council house into the fort of logs, and 
have converted Spain's proudly equipped fortress into this massive pile of crumbling masonry. — Old St. 
AugustaiL. 

Facing the court on the 
north was the chapel (15). 
Its walls and ceiling, and 
altars and niches, are bright 
with mould and moss and 
lichen. Strange mutations 
have come to town and fort 
since the room was dis- 
mantled of its ornaments. 
The elaborate portico of the 
chapel was the most preten- 
tious bit of architecture of 
the fort ; but it has so crum- 
bled away that its form can 
no longer be traced. In the 
wall outside, above the chapel 
door, the French astrono- 
mers, who came here in 1879 
to observe the transit of 
Venus, have left a marble 
tablet in commemoration of 
the visit. 

In the northwest bastion 
is another dark room (16). 
Some of these dark dim- 
geons of the fcjrt have been 
used at different times for 
the confinement of prisoners. 
Patriots from Charleston were confined here by the British in the Revolution ■ 
the Spaniards kept the famous outlaw McGirth in one of these cells five years • 
and there are old people in St. Augustine to-day who will tell of pallid convicts led 




CHAPEL ENTRANCE AND CASEMATES. 



46 



The Standai'd Guide. 




from the fort dungeons to execution. At the close of the last war refractory soldiers 
were punished by solitary confinement in these cells. Casemate \oc is known as 
"Coacoochee's cell; " and is famous as the one from which that chief escaped. Coa- 

coochee and Osceola, two of the most in- 
fluential chiefs of the Seminoles, in the war 
which began in 1835, were captured, with 
a number of their followers, and miprisoned 
in the casemates at Fort Marion, whence 
they were to be taken to Fort Moultrie in 
Charleston harbor. Coacoochee resolved 
upon escape. His subsequent account of 
the affair was as follows: 

We had been growing sickly from day to day, and 
so resolved to make our escape, or die in tlie at- 
tempt. We were in a room, eigiiteen or twenty feet 
square. All the light admitted was through a hole 
(embrasure), about eighteen feet from the floor. 
Through this we must effect our escape, or remain 
and die with sickness. A sentinel was constantly 
posted at the door. As we looked at it from our 
beds, we thought it small, but believed that, could 
we get our heads through we should have no further 

nor serious difuculty. To reach the hole was the first object. In order to effect this, we from time to 

time cut up the forage-bags allowed us to sleep on, and made them into ropes. The hole I could not 

reach when upon the shoulder of my companion; but while standing upon his shoulder, I worked a 

knife into a crevice of the stonework, as far up as I could reach, 

and upon this I raised myself to the aperture, when I found that, 

with some reduction of person, I could get through. In order 

to reduce ourselves as much as possible, we took medicine five 

days. Under the pretext of being very sick, we were permitted 

to obtain the roots we required. For some weeks we watched 

the moon, in order that the night of our attempt it should be as < 

dark as possible. At the proper time we commenced the medi- 
cine, calculating upon the entire disappearance of the moon. 

The keeper of this prison, on the night determined upon to make 

tV-e effort, annoyed us by frequently coming into the room, and 

talking and singing. At first we thought of tying him and pul:- 

ting his head in a bag; so that, should he call for assistance, he 

could not be heard. We first, however, tried the experiment of 

pretending to be asleep, and when he returned to pay no regard 

to him. This accomplished our object. He came in, and went 

immediately out; and we could hear him snore in the immediate 

vicinity of the door. I then took the rope, which we had secreted 

under our bed, and mounting upon the shoulder of my comrade, 

raised myself by the knife worked into the crevices of the stone, 

and succeeded in reaching the embrasure. Here I made fast the 

rope, that my friend might follow me. I then passed through 

the hole a sufficient length of it to reach the ground upon the 

outside (about twenty-five feet) in the ditch. I had calculated COACOOCIIEE. 




The Standard Guide. 



47 



the distance when going for roots. With much difficulty I succeeded in getting my head through; for 
the sharp stones took the skin off my breast and back. Putting my head through first, I was obliged 
to go down head foremost, until my feet were through, fearing every moment the rope would break. 
At last, safely on the ground, I awaited with anxiety the arrival of my comrade. I had passed another 
rope through the hole, which, in the event of discovery, Talmus Hadjo was to pull, as a signal to me 
from the outside, that he was discovered, and could not come. As soon as I struck the ground, I took 
hold of the signal for intelligence from my friend. The night was very dark. Two men passed near 
me, talking earnestly, and I could see them distinctly. Soon I heard the struggle of my companion far 
above me. He had succeeded in getting his head through, but his body would come no farther. In 
the lowest tone of voice, I urged him to throw out his breath, and then try; soon after, he came tumbling 
down the whole distance. For a few moments I thought him dead. I dragged him to some water close 
by, which restored him; but his leg was so lame he was unable to walk. I took him upon my shoulder 
to a scrub, near the town. Daylight was just breaking, it was evident we must move rapidly. I caught 
a mule in the adjoining field, and making a bridle out of my sash, mounted my companion, and started 
for the St. John's River. The mule was used one day, but fearing the whites would track us, we felt 
more secure on foot in the hammock, though moving very slow. Thus we continued our journey five 
days, subsisting on roots and berries, when I joined my band, then assembled on the headwaters of the 
Tomoka River, near the Atlantic coast. 

Coacoochee finally surrendered and was removed to Arkansas, where he took the 
leadership of his people. Osceola was removed to Fort Moultrie, Charleston, where 
shortly afterward he died.* Near the casemate through which Coacoochee made his 
escape a fig tree is growing from a crevice in the wall. 

From the southeast corner of the court, to the right of the entrance hall, a stone 
ascent leads up to the platform (or terreplciii) of the ramparts. This ascent, now a 
series of steps of recent construction, was originally an inclined plane, by which artil- 
lery was raised to the ramparts. 

At the outer angle of each bastion (B) is a sentry box (W), that on the northwest 
(25 feet high) being also a watcJi-tower for looking to seaward. Distance from corner 




OUTLINE OF FORT MARION. 
A, covered way, B, bastion. C, curtain. G, glacis. I, inclined plane. M, moat. T, watch-tower. W, water battery. 

to corner, 317 feet. The four walls of the fort between the bastions are the curtains. 
There are four equal bastions and four equal curtains. The walls of the fort are 
9 feet thick at base, 4^ at top, and 25 feet high, above the present moat level. 
Battlements similar to those on the other sides formerly defended the east (water) 
side of the ramparts. The bastions are filled with earth, and there is no foundation 

* Disputes over the boundaries of the Indian reservations and quarrels over fugitive slaves, which the Seminoles were 
accused of harboring, led to the Seminole War-the most costly and disastrous of the minor wars of the United States At 
the end of seven years, in 1842, the Indians were subdued, captured and transported to the reservation assigned them, where 
the remnant of their tribe yet remains in the Indian Territory. 



48 



The Standard Guide. 




MENRNaJEZ. 



tion; it was built by the United States in 1842 

furnace) m the moat between the east curtain and the water dates from 1844 



for the romantic tale of a sub- 
terranean passageway which 
formerly led from the southwest 
bastion to a neighboring con- 
vent. The fort is surrounded 
by a moat, 40 feet wide. It 
was formerly deeper than at 
present, with a perfectly ce- 
mented concrete floor, and was 
flooded from the bay at high 
tide. Running along the outer 
edge of the moat are narrow 
level spaces called covcrcd-ways; 
and wider levels called places- 
of-arms, where artillery was 
mounted and the troops gath- 
ered, protected by the outer 
wall or parapet, from which 
slopes the glacis. The fortifi- 
cation of stone {water battery) 
in front is of modern construc- 
The small brick building {hot shot 




SAN JUAN DE PINUS. 



The Standard Guide. 



49 

















THE SIEGE BY FRANCIS DRAKE. 



In different forms 
^'f-pji r^-C^"^ \^i:^ Z^" "K^^"-^^ .^K ~~^ ^U::^^ and bearing different 

names, St. Augus- 
tine's fort has been 
establislied more than 
three centuries. For 
two hundred years 
the fort was St. Aug- 
ustine, and St. Aug- 
ustine was Florida. 
The old maps show 
St. Augustine with its 
fortifications as the 
most important point 

^"^W ^^^..^^'^^^^SUT^^ ^^^^^E^ ^ '" North America; 
-, vD'--- ^ ^-^ -^ ^ ^^^*i^^ - . - and the historians 

have left us many an 
interesting picture of 
the fort in peace and 

war. First a rude and temporary .structure of logs, it was expanded in plan and 

magnitude until there developed the stone fortress of 1756. Pedro Menendez, the 

founder of St. Augustine in 1565, utilized the Indian council-house as a defense 

against the threatened attack by the Huguenots from Fort Caroline on the St. John's 

River. After his heartless massacre of the shipwrecked French at Matanzas Inlet, 

the cruel Spaniard stood in just 

fear of the coming of a fleet from 

Spain; and he set about the build- 
ing of a regular fort of logs. This 

was the Fort San Juan de Finos 

shown by Montanus, in his curious 

representation of St. Augustine 

with a background of hills. In 

those days there was a lookout 

tower on Anastasia Island, whence 

the watchers signalled to those in 

the fort the welcome coming of 

ships from Old Spain, or the 

dreaded approach of a hostile 

fleet. A token of weal or woe, in 

those days the signal flag on Anas- 
tasia Island was as eagerly watched 

by the Spaniards ashore as ever now 

the light is looked for by ships at 

sea. In 1586, twenty years after in the old days. 



Onu :;i£tU 




A J>rauaht cf 

jr- JMAidnC'iunh 






50 



The Standard Guide. 



the town was established, the lookout attracted the notice of the English sea-king, 
Francis Drake, sailing along the coast with his fleet of high-pooped ships, on his way- 
home from pillaging the cities of the Spanish Main; and he tarried long enough to 
ransack St. Augustine, and destroy by fire what he could not bear off. In the fort, 

which was built of 
huge pine logs, and 
was known to the 
Englishmen as S. 
John's Fort, they 




A VIE W of ihe ro irjV an d C^S TLE of S^A U G U S T I N E . 
aadthe ENGLISH CAMP before ii June 20. 1740. by THO^ SILVER 



'^^t'^,^^>^-'-Tr'''<'"^'-'^t. 



) ^ Soiuh thannd 



^ Telirans 




i^^e^ 



hVh E jli.h S h Mm 

B A )I wsh. tron m* O i 

C Eusratij Island y^hul tj Mttlv i u *i & Bushos 

D bailors TutM'Ufiii Cannon tn reaciir of th^ CtisUt. 

E A North Trench J iW A- a Morfar of 24 I 10 *' 

F G<»n* O^ethorps Sohfurs Jnduuus it Snitorj Tails 

G A Lookout ttikan the I^^ofJiirte 

H SohUers and SnOors Utrutittq Jut 

I A SfUid Biimry t/utted at our nfi- 

B Cap' WarrcQ Commnnder ovtr ihi 

the Union FUig on hoard a> Schovn< 
L Tht SoflorA wells to Wutrt the Shtri""*i 
Shws ' ^"^^("^'"y^- - l^f<Uir. .■! S'iiurrci. 

^ A Tartar. 5 Ph^ni^. 
Uoops 6 Wotf. 7 Spaicf- 

Ernplcy'd, ,n thi.\ Ejv^ttivn ,tt>ow 20f> Seamen. 
4ii0 roW/<v.r find, WO huUttnA 

Forces of the Su'inmnls IVVO licstcUv n, strong Oisde 
a/ut ^ FortdSul fliirhjf and u.Sluillow Rwrr hindYmg 
Cur Shippuufi ttunotidn thtin 




■ thrW^ 



iiiHors hoisdntf 



thar Sar^our Just out of Catuwa shot liU 
t werf> employed in UuuUn^ Ordntuitv and 
efi of th^ Enemy 3 CaiuWTL.lM,wki£h Oetusuin 



ui.nK7- H-uj tifruswn d t>y a ,Uar bviujht Victer\ 
■ h^ii at'tninU over SO Hi^htandtrs SO of when 
tefcr Heroes ktUtng thrice ttutr luimbtr. . 



1 ktSrd. Hereupon t/teSugf h 



THE SIEGE BY OGLETHORPE. 



found "thirteene or 
f o u r t e e n e great 
peeces of brass ord- 
inance and a chest 
unbroken up, hav- 
ing in it the value 
of some two thous- 
and pounds sterl- 
ing, by estimation, 
of the King's treas- 
ure, to pay the soul- 
diers of that place, 
who were a hundred 
and fif tie men." De 
Bry's spirited sketch 
of the assault, by 
an artist on the spot, 
is copied here from 
the rare original. 
When the Spaniards 
discovered the co- 
quina (shell-stone) 
quarries they 
undertook the 
building of a fort 
of stone. When the 
dreaded Boucaniers 
descended upon St. 
Augustine in 1665, 
the fort was not in 
a condition to offer 
resistance, and gar- 
rison and towns- 
people fled in ter- 
ror into the woods. 



The Standard Guide. 



5t 



The walls are built of coquina, which in its day was considered a very excellent 
material for this purpose, since cannon balls would sink into the wall without shatter- 
ing it as they would harder stone. On the sea front of the southwest bastion are a 
number of crevices, which, according to local tradition, were caused by British cannon 
balls from the opposite shore when the fort was besieged by Oglethorpe. 

When the colony of Carolina was established the English grant extended so far 
south that it actually took in St. Augustine. The Spaniards, on the other hand, dis- 
puted England's right to any part of the 
continent whatever, and for the half 
century succeeding, Spanish expeditions 
sailed against the English colonies, and 
British expeditions came against St. 
Augustine. Governor Moore of Caro- 
lina led his forces against the town in 
1 702, but was repulsed and driven back. 
When Oglethorpe brought out his 
Georgia colony, the Spaniards resented 
the new encroachments upon their ter- 
ritory, and the two colonies were at 
constant war. In 1740 Oglethorpe cap- 
tured the Spanish forts on the St. 
John's, and then, while his land forces 
besieged the town on the north, his 
naval contingent landed on Anastasia 
Island, and for forty days bombarded 
Fort San Marco. The townspeople took 
refuge in the fort, where they nearly 
starved before the siege was finally 
lifted. The Georgia general at length became discouraged and withdrew. 

In those days of crude weapons, the coquina bastions were capable of withstand- 
ing a much more serious attack than that of Oglethorpe's batteries; but the art of war 
has changed since then and Fort Marion's coquina would quickly be shattered by the 
artillery of the present. Shortly after commg into the possession of the United States, 
the fort was named Fort Marion, in honor of the famous Revolutionary hero. General 
irancis Marion. 

Writing from St. Augustine, William Cullen Bryant criticised this as "a foolish change of name." 
But why foolish? If Moultrie is thus honored, and Sumter the " Game Cock," why not Marion the 
"Swamp Fox?" Is it not the veriest romance of history that the Spanish fortress planted here by 
Menendez, the hunter of French Huguenots, should at last yield up its saintly name for that of a hero 
in whose veins flowed the blood of other Huguenot e.xiles? And is it not the final justice of time that 
the British stronghold, within whose dungeons rebellious Patriots were immured, should receive fromi 
the nation which those prisoners helped to establish, the honored name of one who endured with them 
the perils and privations of its cause, and won with them the final glorious triumph? — " Old St. Augus- 
tine ^ Fort Marion. 




GENERAL MARION. 



ST FRANCIS BARRACKS. 




OMPLEMENTING the battlements and watch-towers of Fort 
Marion on the north, the St. Francis Barracks stand out con- 
spicuously at the south end of the sea-wall facing the Matanzas. 
They are occupied by United States troops. The out-door 
concerts given by the military band, the dress-parades and the 
guard-mount at sunset on the parade in front of the barracks 
are among the attractions of St. Augustine. 

Almost continuously since it was founded by the mailed 
soldiers of Menendez, St. Augustine has been a military sta- 
tion. Under Spanish rule it was little else than a garri- 
son post. When the British came, they emulated the martial 
spirit of their predecessors, and on the plain south of the town, 
with bricks brought from the banks of the Hudson River, erected a huge barrack, 
which cost a tremendous sum, and shortly after completion went up in smoke. 

St. Francis Barracks take their name from the Franciscan convent, whose former 
site they occupy. The convent was abandoned when Florida was ceded to Great 
Britain in 1763; and when Spain resumed possession of the town, in 1783, it was 
utilized by the Spanish Governor as barracks for his troops. The old building has 
been greatly modified by the United States Government, although not entirely rebuilt; 
and some of the original coquina walls of the convent remain. 

To Florida with the ads'enturer had come the missionary; one to win treasure, the other to win 
-souls. The gold-seeker returned from his quest chagrined; not so the Franciscan. He found here a 
field vast beyond reckoning; and, waiting to be gathered, a harvest more precious than had been pictured 
in the fondest dream of his pious enthusiasm. The military prestige of Florida soon faded away, but 
year by year its religious importance increased; and ever, with the expansion of his work, the Francis- 
can's zeal grew more intense and his labors more devoted. The country was in time erected into a 
religious province, with a chapter houseof the Order of San Francisco at San Augustin; and thence the 
members went forth to plant the standard of their faith in the remotest wilderness. Yar out on the 
border of savanna, in the depth of forest, and on the banks of river and lake, by the side of the Indian 
trails westward to the Gulf, north among the villages of Alachua, and south to everglade fastnesses; 
here and there, and everywhere that lost souls were worshipping strange gods, the Franciscan built his 
•chapel, intrenched it round about with earthwork and palisade, and gathered the erring children of the 
iforcst to hear the wondrous story of the Cross. — " OM SL Augitstiiw," The Franciscans. 



K short distance south of the Barracks is the Military Cemetery. An admission 



The Standard Guide. 



55 




BRITISH ST. AUGUSTINE. 
Showing Sea Wall extending to " The Parade," and Convent on present barracks site, 

pass is required and may be had on application to the adjutant of the post, whose 
ol^ce is opposite the Barracks. In the cemetery are the three low pyramids of 
masonry forming the tombs of officers and men who lost their lives in the Seminole 
War. The memorial shaft is commonly spoken of as " Dade's Monument," because 
more than one hundred of the soldiers interred here were those who perished in the 
" Dade Massacre." This was one of the most tragic incidents of the Seminole War. 

In August, 1835, Major Dade and a command of troops, no all told, were on their way from Fort 
Brooke to Fort King. At half past nine o'clock, Tuesday morning, August 28, they were marching 
through an open pine barren, four miles from the Great Wahoo Swamp. The bright sun was shining; 
flowers bloomed along the path; gay butterflies flitted about them; the silence was broken only by the 
.Folian melody of the pines. The men were marching carelessly, with no suspicion of danger, where 
surely no foe could lurk. Suddenly, without an instant's warning — from pine, from palmetto scrub, 
,j from the very grass at their feet — burst upon them the shrill 

war-whoop, the flashing and crackling of rifles, and the whist- 
ling, deadly rain of bullets. Sixty of the troops fell mortally 
wounded. The rest rallied: trained the cannon, and attempted 
to form breastworks of logs; but in vain. In quick succession, 
one after another, they fell. Had the earth yawned to swallow 
them like the army of Korah, the obliteration could have been 
little more complete. Of the no, three, miserably wounded, 
dragged themselves away, two soon after to die of their wounds. 
— " Old St. Augustine" The Seminole. 

The pyramids are stuccoed and devoid of ornamentation. 
_ 7:_ ^^-. The inscriptions read: " Sacred to the memory of the Ofticers 

~ and Soldiers killed in battle and died on service during the 

Florida War." "This monument has been erected in token of respectful and affectionate remem- 
brance by their comrades of all grades, and is committed to the care and preservation of the garrison 
of St. Augustine." 




HARBOR AND BEACH. 



■•i^^ HELTERED by the spit of land called the North Beach, and by 
l-^^^t;. Anastasia Island, St. Augustine's harbor is a sheet of water 
-^^p--^-^ ^ r admirably adapted for pleasure sailing and rowing. These are 
!^rl"^^^^ J^^t^ among the staple winter amusements. At the wharves will be 
"■"":; ■-^^^%. ^^j| found a large fleet of sail boats, which are safe and commodious; 
';: ;. l|i!"i' -;:^' and they are manned by capable and trustworthy skippers, who 
display a high degree of skill in the handling of their boats. 
Most of the craft are of local production, and built on a model peculiar to the harbor. 
Usual rates of hire, 50 cents to $1.00 per hour. In addition to these boats for charter, 
there are usually here in winter sail and steam yachts from the North; and the pri- 
vate craft range all the way from the Minorcan fisherman's dugout (a survival of the 
ancient Florida Indian's rude log boat) and the clumsy wood-scows to the light and 
speedy naphtha launches, now coming into such common use as yacht tenders, which 
dart about the bay with the swiftness of a bird, the grace of a canoe, and the import- 
ance and business air of a steam tug towing a Cunarder. 

An afternoon afloat is likely to prove one of the most pleasant memories of a 
■visit to St. Augustine. What with the changing landscape — a shifting panorama of 
water and land and sky — charming views of the town as seen from the bay, bright 
:sails in the harbor, and multitudinous forms of marine life, there is always enough to 
interest and amuse. Fort Marion is well worth seeing from the water; the propor- 
tions of the fortification are hardly appreciated until one has approached it from the 
harbor which its artillery once defended. 

Extended excursions may be made to Matanzas; up the North River; and to 
Anastasia Island, Bird Island and the Beaches, called North and South with reference 
to the harbor entrance. North Beach is a term applied to the shores of both ocean 
and harbor and the long narrow spit of land formed by them. Along the shores 
•extend irregular lines of sand dunes, which are ever shifting in the wind and chang- 
ing their shape, like the northern snowdrifts they so closely resemble. From the bay 
or from the opposite shore the North Beach presents a scene of rare beauty, with its 
narrow strip of shining silver sand between the blue of the water and the deeper blue 
of the sky. Arrived at the shore, one finds half -buried wrecks and sea-wrack to 
dream over, shells to gather, innumerable forms of curious marine life to investigate, 
.and the never ending, always new study of wave motion and color. 



The Standard Guide, 



55 




THE FRENCH AT THE KIVEK OE DOLPHINS UN 1 563. 



Oh, what shells ! Incredible that they should be selling for large prices by the quart, like candy 
in the Boston shops. They lie brilliant, vital, it seems sentient, beneath our touch, like flowers. We 
beach the Elizabeth upon the silver bar, and wander like children among them. At first I object to 
gathering them, as I do to rifling a garden; and to the last I find myself turning out of my way to avoid 
stepping upon the perfect and rich-tinted things; as if they had blood and could be hurt. — Elizabeth 
Stuart Phelps. 

At sunset the Florida seashore takes on a pecuUar beauty. Surf and beach are 
transplendent with the soft shades and delicate tints of the sky; the atmosphere is 
aglow with color, and there comes to one the novel experience of not alone beholding 
the distant glories of the west, but of actually standing in and being surrounded by 
the effulgence of the dying day. 

But the average St. Augustine skipper is not inclined to linger for sunset effects 
on the North Beach; the one practical consideration with him is that when the sun 
goes down the sea breeze will go down too, and his boat and party will be becalmed; 
experience has taught him the wisdom of an early return to town. 

The porpoises which frequent the harbor in great numbers have always been a 
conspicuous feature of these waters. Away back in 1563, before the Spaniards had 
founded St. Augustine, the French explorers who came here found the porpoises (or 
dolphins) so numerous that they gave to the river the name Rivih-e des Dauphines. 



ST. ANASTASIA ISLAND. 




FRONT of the town, between bay and ocean, lies the 
Island of St. Anastasia. It is a favorite resort for excur- 
sion parties, and has many attractions for the tourist. 
The most pleasant time for a visit is the afternoon. The 
route is by ferryboat from Central Wharf and then by 
railway from the opposite shore across to the beach. 
The light-house is usually open to visitors; and when 
convenient to do so, the keeper in charge, or assist- 
ant, will accompany parties to the tower, whence a magni- 
ficent and far-extending view is afforded over sea and 
land. The light-house is 150 feet in height from base to light tower, the lamp being 
165 feet above sea level. Eight flights of spiral staircases lead to the tower. The 
light, technically classed as of the first-order, is a fixed white and revolving or flash 
light, flashing once every 3 minutes, visible 19 miles. The lamp itself is stationary, 
and the actual intensity of its flame does not change. The variability of the light is 
secured by the revolution of a glass lantern provided with a series of powerful lenses 
or gigantic bull's-eyes, each one sending out a great beam of light. The constant 
and steady beam from each lense revolves with the lantern. From St. Augustine at 
night this beam may distinctly be seen stretching out into the darkness, as it wheels 
in mighty revolutions about the tower. 

The purpose of the variability of the light is to render it distinguishable from 
other lights on the coast. Thus, while the St. Augustine light is a fixed white light 
varied by a flash every 3 minutes, the St. John's River light, the next one north, is a 
fixed white light; and the Cape Canaveral light, the next one south, flashes every 
minute. The black and white spiral stripes, which make the tower look like a gro- 
tesque Brobdingnagian barber's pole, serve to distinguish it from others by daylight; 
the tower of the St. John's River light is red, that of the Cape Canaveral light has 
black and white horizontal bands. 

The present light-house was built in 1872-3, to take the place of an older coquina 
structure, whose ruins may be seen on the shore a short distance northeast. The 
latter has commonly, though incorrectly, been called the "old Spanish light- house." 



The Standard Guide. 



57 



Anastasia Island extends from St. Augustine south twelve miles to Matanzas 
Inlet, where are the picturesque ruins of an old Spanish fort; for this was one of the 
sea approaches to the town, and the Don must needs put a garrison there to 
defend it. 

The inlet of Matanzas takes its name from the Spanish word inatanza (signifying; 
slaughter) in commemoration of the massacre of the Huguenots which occurred here 
in 1565. No event in American history possesses more of tragedy and pathos than 
the martyrdom of these Frenchmen, who had left their homes in France to establish 
in the new world a refuge from the religious persecutions of their native land, but 




RUIMS OF TlIK MATANZAS FORT. 



found in Florida the intolerance trom which they had fled, and perished at last by 
the hand of a bigot. 

The French, stationed at their Fort Caroline, on the River May (St. John's), 
having left a few of their number to garrison the fort, set sail against the Spaniards, 
arrived off the bar of St. Augustine, and were driven to the south by a storm. The 
Spanish leader Menendez then led a force overland to the St. John's, surprised Fort 
Caroline and killed most of the garrison — a few of the French escaping to their ships. 
Upon his return to St. Augustine, Menendez learned that the French fleet had been 
wrecked. He proceeded south to this inlet, discovered the Frenchmen on the other 
side, and by false promises induced them to surrender and deliver up their arms. 
Then he sent them boats, brought them over, in small bands at a time, bound them, 
blindfolded them, led them behind the sand hills, and in the name of religion put 
them to death. The shores of the inlet have been modified by the action of the sea 
in the three hundred years which have elapsed since that occurrence; it is useless to 
speculate as to the exact locality where the tragedy took place. 




AS A HEALTH RESORT. 

From a paper by Dr. Horace Caruthers, /// the ''Forest and Stream.''' 

PRACTICAL experience of many winters enables me to say there is 
no place better adapted to health or pleasure than St. Augustine. It 
is easily reached by steamers or by elegant vestibule cars in little 
over one day from New York. The city is situated on a peninsula, 
almost surrounded by salt water; indeed it is, at very high tides, 
almost an island. The fact that the place is washed on all sides by 
the ocean tides guarantees the sanitary condition to be as perfect as any natural 
locality can be; and it absolutely precludes the possibility of malaria — a case of which 
disease I have never met, originating in the city. In addition to its possessing these 
natural advantages, those in authority spare no efforts nor expense in adopting all 
artificial means known to sanitarians to add to the health of the favorable locality. 
The elements so essential to perfect health are abundant, in bright sunshine, pure 
bracing sea air and abundance of water, while the most cheerful and choicest society 
makes the ancient city the most desirable winter resort in this country. 

I have known many men, women and children who have renewed their seriously 
damaged constitutions in Florida; and for those suffering from overwork, insomnia, 
nervous prostration and all its sad train of symptoms, I know of no more desirable 
place than St. Augustine. Children recovering from pneumonia, diphtheria, scarlet 
fever and whooping cough find a perfect climate for outdoor life and rapid con- 
valescence, without the danger of relapse, so common in a variable Northern climate. 
For nearly forty years I have recommended the climate of Florida to my patients, and 
I am happy to say many of these still thank me for sending them away from this 
Northern climate, which is as trying as any known to the professien. Scarlet fever 
and measles are not dreaded by the parents and physicians of St. Augustine; and 
diphtheria is almost unknown. A few years ago I was asked to see a child recently 
arrived, supposed to be suffering from that dread disease. The physician long resi- 
dent had never seen a case. The child was removed a few miles out of town, and 
but one other took the disease, a playmate of the first. An honored and lamented 
physician of St. Augustine, the late Dr. Peck, told me some years ago, when I was 
expressing anxiety about some cases of scarlet fever, not to be alarmed; that the 
disease never assumed a dangerous type in that climate, and that it very seldom 
resulted in death; it responded quickly to treatment, and was seldom followed by 
those dangerous sequels so dreaded in a Northern climate. He stated the remark- 
able fact that years earlier they were visited by an epidemic of scarlet fever, when he 
attended one hundred and twenty children, without losing more than a single patient; 
and this one death was owing to other complications. There is no other way of 
accounting for such a history of such a disease, except the perfect climate. Some 
winters ago I received a little patient from New York with chronic pneumonia follow- 



The Standard Guide. 59 

ing an unusually severe whooping cough; and in a very short time the little girl 
recovered completely, renewing the roses in her cheeks and her buoyant, childlike 
spirits. She returned with her mother, who was summoned to attend her husband 
suffering with pneumonia, in the month of March — much against my advice, but for- 
tunately without serious consequences. Pneumonia is seldom .'^een in St. Augustine, 
and the resident physicians are almost unacquainted with the disease and have no 
desire to attend it. The absence and the mild form of the diseases mentioned can be 
accounted for on no other grounds than the salubrity of the climate. 

If there is the slightest possibility of any one laboring with the first symptoms of 
consumption being benefited by climate it will be accomplished in Florida. A gentle- 
man who was a martyr to asthma all his life, possessing a beautiful home near Phila- 
delphia, told me he could find no comfort in life but in two localities, Newport in 
summer and St. Augustine in winter. 

My own personal experience in the beneficial effects of the climate of St. Augus- 
tine makes me the more earnest in recommending it to all who may be suffering from 
overwork. After a laborious life of more than thirty years in the climate of New 
York, on the Hudsoii River, I broke down completely, and had insomnia to a fearful 
degree, bordering on insanity. Old professional friends advised me to visit Florida. 
When I arrived in the quaint old city one Christmas Eve I was nearly exhausted. 
I could not walk a mile, and only with great fatigue at all. Appetite was fitful, energy 
gone, and though I was longing for rest, yet I dreaded the experience of a night of 
sleeplessness. One who has never had the misery of such, a state of health, can form 
no conception of such a deplorable condition. I began improving the first week, 
walking with less fatigue daily, and improved in appetite and spirits, and in six weeks 
I could tramp with dog and gun twenty miles. It was truly a renewal of life, instead 
of my life work being abandoned, I put on harness again and began to offer aid and 
encouragement to all who, like myself, had become discouraged. 




ST. GEORGE STKEET NEAR THE PLAZA. 
From an old Pkoiograph. 



GUN AND ROD. 




AME and fish have always been among the attractions of St. 
Augustine; and, although the supply has been diminished 
of late years, there is still abundant reward for the pur- 
suit. Sportsmen and anglers who visit the Rangeleys, the 
Adirondacks and the St. Lawrence in summer, repair to 
Florida in the winter. There are men, who when fish are 
to be caught in Florida waters would no more stay in the 
North than the robins and bluebirds. Dr. C. J. Kenworthy, 
of Jacksonville, himself an ardent angler, tells a good story of a New York physician 
who, some winters ago, when there was yellow fever in one of the Gulf Coast towns, 
deliberately set out to run the quarantine and make his way into the fever district 
because it was time for fish to rise to his fly. 

Rod and reel, gun and field dogs are familiar objects in St. Augustine. Among 
the sporting dogs remembered by many quail hunters was the well known Bran. 
This dog was once, while hunting quail, struck by a rattlesnake. He was saved by 
the skillful treatment of Dr. H. Caruthers, but only to meet a fate as harsh, for Bran 
perished in the flames where he was chained in the great St. Augustine Hotel fire of 
1887. The smoking room of the Ponce de Leon Hotel counts among its ornaments a 
magnificent set of antlers, which bear testimony to the luck of a Tarrytown, New 
York, physician, to whom is credited the unusual experience of having brought down 
his deer, on an Adirondack runway, with a shotgun, loaded with No. 4 shot for 
grouse, Florida deer are of smaller size than the northern deer, but they are built to 
go just as fast. 

The unlovely alligator is represented at St. Augustine chiefly in infantile stages 
of discouraged development in the curiosity shops, waiting to be done up in segar 
boxes and mailed to the north. Wilder and more ferocious specnnens are occasion- 
ally encountered in adjacent waters. The alligator holds on with most commendable 
tenacity, despite the fact that every man's hand is against him, and always has been 
against him, if we are to credit Le Moyne, who came here with the French in 1563. 

In the Brevis Xarratio is given a drawing of the native Florida mode of hunting, and it is de- 
scribed as follows: They wage war on the crocodiles in this manner: By the bank of the river they 
build a little hut full of chinks and holes, in which is stationed a sentinel who can hear and see the 
crocodiles a great way of. Pressed by hunger they come up out of the water in search of prey, failing 
to find which they give forth a horrible roar that may be heard for half a mile. Then the sentinel calls 
the others who are ready; and ten or twelve of them, bearing a huge pole, hurry to intercept the 
gigantic monster (his jaws expanded to seize and swallow some one of them), and with great agility, 
holding the sharp end of the pole as high as possible, they plunge it into his maw, whence because of 
its roughness and the scaly bark he cannot eject it. Then turning the crocodile over on his back, they 
belabor his belly, which is softer, with clubs, and shoot arrows into it and open it; the back is impen- 



The Standard GiLidc. 



or 



etrable because of the hard scales, the more so if it be an old one. This is the Indians' way of hunt- 
ing crocodiles, to whom they are such inveterate foes that night and day they are on the watch for them, 
not less than we for our most hostile enemies. 

According to the artist's delineations of the mammoth specimens found here in 
those good old times, three hundred years ago, their descendants are certainly a sorry 
and degenerate race. But no one was ever heard to complain of the small propor- 
tions of an alligator he had killed; they are all huge and savage in the telling; it 
takes a very small saurian to make a big story; and men are living to-day who 
could give Le Moyne points on Florida alligators. 




INDIAN MODE OF HUNTING ALLIGATORS IN FLORIDA. 
From Le Moym's Narrative of the French Expedition in 1563. 

The list of fishes taken in the vicinity is a generous one. Sheepshead are caught 
off the St. Sebastian bridge, from the docks, and wherever there are submerged 
timbers or rocks. Favorite fishing grounds are at Matanzas. Baits used: clam, crab, 
fiddler, conch; the best time for fishing is from half- flood to high water. The whit- 
ing is baited for with clam, crab or pieces of mullet or other fish. Sea bass, or channel 
bass (also called redfish), are in great abundance in summer, and in fair supply in 
spring, when they are caught in the surf with rod or hand-line. The rods are employed 
chiefly by anglers from abroad. The local method is for the fisherman to wade out 
into the surf, having his line coiled to run freely from his left hand, then, swinging 
bait and sinker around his head, he hurls it out into the surf, and, when he hooks a 
fish, puts the line over his shoulder and runs at full speed up the beach, hauling 



62 



TJic Standard Guide. 



fisli high and dry after him. This mode may not partake of the high art of anghng, 
but it is pursued with enthusiasm, and the worst that can be said about it is that to 
stand for hours up to one's hips in the ocean is in March or April conducive to rheu- 
matism. The bait for bass is shrimp, crab or mullet. Salt-water trout are caught in 
great abundance in the Matanzas and its tributary waters north of town; and in the 
St. Sebastian from the bridge and the wharves. Tney take the fly; baits used are 
shrimps and mullet. Other varieties found here comprise blackfish, flounder, red 

snapper, black grouper, 
cavalli or crevalle, sailor's 
choice or hogfish, croaker, 
black grunt, skipjack or 
young bluefish, and jewfish 
which attain a weight of 200 
and 300 lbs. The water ver- 
min include sharks, catfish, 
garfish, angelfish, rays, or 
skates, toadfish and like un- 
pleasing forms of creation. 
Some one or the other of 
them is sure to turn up on 
the end of a line cast for 
noblei' fish; and the "patient 
angler" who manifests his 
patience in waiting for a 
bite is a very ordinary indi- 
vidual compared with the 
angelic being who can pre- 
serve his equanimity when a 
shark makes way with his 
tackle, or his expectant gaze 
is greeted by the open coun- 
tenance of skate or toadfish. 
Drum fishing grounds are at 
Moultrie, five miles below 
town, and at certain local- 
ities known to the market 
fisherman in the North River. The dru'mfish is distinguished as a fish that may be 
fished for longer without a bite than any other game fish that swims. 

It was time for drumming, the magic hour between the fall of the ebb and the rise of the flood, 
for this delightful sport, whose praises and superior enchantments over all others in the Walton 'inj F 
had so often heard spoken with such rapture by the mouth of a North Island and Beaufort man; th^ 
noble nature of the fish, his size and strength — tho slow approach which he makes at first to the hook, 
like a crab, then the sudden overwhelming transport that comes over you when you feel him da^hinp- 
boldly off with the line, threatening to drag you after him and upset your frail boat. How charming 
his resisting wait, comparable only to the intoxication and gentle rapture one experiences when pulling 
along a lass through a Virginia reel. — "Sketch of Scniuiole War" (1836). 




KNOWS WHERE TO GO FISHIN', 
From ike Forest and Stream. 





,1t 



^•/.. 



w 



'^Z 



S','» 



"^ 't»?« -. ' 



• ,■■•■ « 







THE EAST COAST„ 




EYOND St. Augustine, going by the East Coast line, one finds 
ij little to interest him in the monotonous stretch of piny Oat- 
woods and palmetto scrub, until at the distance of about fifty 

^^ Mjtv^-S^ miles the road deflects to Ormond. And now the scene 

^.^^1^^^^* changes. A new Florida begins, as unlike the dreary, 

::-ZL:m /."""^ sandy flatwoods as they are unlike the rolling hill and lake 

country. Ormond is situated on the Halifax River, and also on 

the Atlantic beach^ the two being separated by a peninsula a half-mile wide. The 

Halifax belongs to that system of inland waters which are more properly termed 

lagoons. They are fed by inlets from the sea and extend from a little below St. 

Augustine to Lake Worth. These lagoons, commonly known as the Indian River, 

make a continuous stretch of the loveliest water 

scenery for more than 250 miles, and when Bis- 

cayne Bay shall be united with Lake Worth, an 

uninterrupted water excursion of 350 miles will 

combine more of fascinating variety and beauty 

than any other in the United States. These con- 
nected inland waters vary from weird and twisting 

narrows 100 feet in width, to spreading lake-like 

expanses from three to six miles wide. Sometimes 

they look out of inlets upon the ocean, and again 

into the mouths of winding creeks or fresh-water 

rivers that break the western shore. At one point 

the Indian River channels separate and wind tor- 
tuously among wooded islands, making one think 

of the lochs of Scotland. Nearly all the way the 

banks on both sides are high, commanding the 

river from elevated bluffs, or gently sloping to the 

stream, and finely situated for the towns or isolated 

residences, which are already scattered all along 

the East Coast and fast increasing in number. 

The population is of the very best, comprising 

representatives of many of the chief cities of the 

United States, a considerable number of well-to-do 

Englishmen, and some from Canada. There is no 

section of the country at large that combines more 

of the enterprising, intelligent, industrious and 

thrifty classes, and many of them wealthy enough 

to push their opportunities to the best advantage. 
It being impossible to describe particularly all 

these towns and settlements, more than fifty of cocoanct 




66 



The Standaj^d Guide, 



which are designated on the map of the J., St. A. tS: I. R. Railway, let a few prominent 
instances suffice to indicate the peculiar features and remarkable attractions of the 
East Coast. 

Ormond is the first town struck by the railway after leaving St. Augustine. For 
the enjoyment of the tourist Ormond affords a combination of attractions second to 




ONE OV THK ORMUNU DKlVKb. 



none on the East Coast.' From the Hotel Ormond, fronting the Halifax, one looks 
across the wide river to the beautiful village that skirts the western shore. The 
river is about as wide as the lower Fludson, and looks as majestic, although but a 
shallow lagoon. It is deep enough, however, for steamboats of light draft, and 
populous with all kinds of pleasure craft. The long bridge across the Halifax is a 
favorite resort of skilled fishermen. Fish of many varieties are abundant, among 
them the speckled sea trout, channel bass, cavalle, sheepshead and fresh-water black 
bass in Tomoka River. Sea bass weighing from twenty to forty pounds are caught 
in the Atlantic surf. Immense turtles, able to carry a man standing on their backs, 



The Standard Giiide. 



67 




I HE JAU.V-Hi 



as they go back to the sea from 
their nests on the beach, are plenty 
in the spring geason. Bears are 
often seen on moonlight nights 
coming out of the scrub to hunt 
the turtle eggs, which are laid from 
eighty to a hundred in each nest. 
The eggs are also used to flavor 
the Hotel Coquina muffins; and 
nothing is more delicate and ap- 
petizing than the flavor of coquina 
soup, made from the little shells 
[Donaces) that are swept up the 
beach in great quantities. Ormond 
abounds in game. Ducks are plenty 
in the headwaters of the Halifax, tjuail in the fields and flatwoods; also wild turkeys 
and deer and not infrequently bear's meat are brought into the Ormond market. 

The Ormond climate is of that medium quality which permits one to come early 
and stay late— no more delightful months than October and April. It is warmer in 
winter than in the interior, and cooler in summer. Seldom is there a day during 
the winter months when the sweet sunshine and the soft sea breeze do not invite 
one out of doors. The most delicate invalid prefers to stay out all day long. After 
sunset the air is often just cool enough to make the blaze of the open fire hardly less 
welcome than the sunshine. 

The walks in all directions are singularly attractive, being either shelled or 
planked over sandy spots, and provided with numerous rustic seats and arbors along 
the shaded river banks or through the trails across the half-mile peninsula that 
connects the river with the ocean. 

Ormond is famous beyond any 
other place in Florida for its drives. 
It has the advantage of unfailing 
marl pits, which supply the best material 
for roads, smooth and hard as concrete, 
and this is supplemented by great de- 
posits of shell which lie all along the 
river. There is no finer beach any- 
where on the Atlantic shore than at 
Ormond. It is 250 feet wide at mean 
tide, and extends for many miles up 
and down the coast. It is lively with 
all sorts of pleasure carriages, bicycles 
and bathers, not to speak of the annual 
tournament when the cowboys of the 
interior come in to compete in eques- 




68 



The Standard Gindc. 



trian sports with the horsemen of the coast. The six-horse tally-ho hardly leaves a 
mark on the smooth surface of this magnificent beach. It is attractive also in the 
variety of beautiful shells that are swept up by the high tides. 

The drives of Ormond extend also for many miles up and down the high and 
wooded banks of the river through a great wealth of forest trees, flowering shrubs 
and creepers. A^istas of the blue water peep out on the one side, and orange groves 
gleam with golden fruit on the other. The drives out into the hammocks lying 
directly back of Ormond are, if possible, still more charming. They thread 
magnificent forests of huge live oaks sprawling their crooked giant branches all 




URMO.M) BEACH IN APRIL. 



abroad and draped with long, swaying pendants of gray moss. In close proximity 
and as if in rivalry, immense magnolias lift themselves taller even than the oaks. 
Hard by stand the graceful water oaks, and pushing between everywhere the palmetto 
palms; and all this lavish luxuriance of richly colored foliage is tangled with giant 
creepers, climbing lustily to the very tree tops. In the deep green recesses of these 
rich hammocks, so utterly diverse from the flatwoods that skirt the railways, you 
come upon ruins of ancient chimneys and other appurtenances of old-time sugar 
mills and causeways, built over intervening marshes to connect the great plantations 
that once were worked at large cost of slave labor. These fertile hammocks of 
deep, black soil extend many miles to the southward parallel with the Halifax, and 
were probably in some far back century the bed of a lagoon similar to the present 
river. On these rich, mucky lands are planted some of the finest orange groves in 
Florida, and when oranges shall be counted in their just proportion as only one of the 
products which can be and some time will be raised on such soil as this, the East 
Coast will better appreciate its agricultural resources. 



The Standard Guide. 



69 



It is characteristic of the Ormond drives tliat eacli has its special motive. There 
is the river drive of six miles to " Number Nine," the charming plantation of C. A. 
Bacon, which is not merely an orange grove, but adorned with every variety of fruit 
tree and ornamental shrub that the climate will permit, and laid out with the finest 
skill of landscape gardening. Nothing delights its genial proprietor more than to 
welcome his numerous visitors. The same drive may be extended live miles further 




THE WALK AT ROCKI.EnGE 



up the river or on the beach to the famous hundred-acre grove of Knox and Bead. 
This grove and those adjoining it show what capital with long and tried experience 
can do to make orange raising steadily and largely profitable. The main conditions 
here are a very rich shell hammock and a system which makes the most of accumu- 
lated vegetable mould, the retention of palmetto palms, and the entire avoidance of 
the clean culture prevalent in the interior. The handsome mansions of the proprie- 
tors command not only the ocean and the winding creeks which head the Halifax. 



70 



The Standard Guide. 




A ROCKI.F.DGE VISTA. 



but wide, spreading savannas, dotted with groups of palms and reminding one of the 
Nile Valley. 

Another drive is down the beach to Daytona, which is situated on a circling arm 
of the Halifax and its river front, looking out upon a wide bay of a singular beauty all 
its own. This drive or bicycle ride is varied by a return on the river bank. The 
same places may be reached by steam or naphtha launch. 

An all day excursion, and second to none in interest, is to Mosquito Inlet, about 
fifteen miles down the Halifax, where the great lighthouse lifts its lofty tower, and 
where the best fishing is enjoyed; or a little further down to New Smyrna, the oldest 
place on the coast south of St. Augustine. 

It is historically famous for the Greek and Minorcan colony, 1,500 strong, 
established by Dr. TurnbuU in 1767. Turnbull's "castle" or "palace," with its 
sixteen chimneys, stood on the high and vast shell mound which commands the 
whole adjacent region. It was partly destroyed by the Seminole Indians, who drove 
out the sugar planters and captured many of their slaves. Afterward it became a 



The Standard Guide, 




THE HAI.HAX RIVER SHORE. 



target for Admiral Du Font's fleet, which more completely demolished it during the Civil 
War, leaving, however, the grandly solid walls of the old cellar and the capacious 
wells to indicate its palatial extent. All along the river bank for four miles north 
and three miles south are scattered the ruins of old Minorcan houses with coquina 
stone floors, chimneys and wells, curbed with hewn stone. The drainage canals, 
indigo vats and ruins of old sugar mills, indicate large industries. One of the canals 
still in use, and dug about 127 years ago, is twenty-two feet deep and five feet wide. 
It extends several miles and must have employed an immense amount of hand labor. 

More interesting still are the ancient ruins of a Spanish dynasty which antedated 
the English possession. The "Rock House," a stately ruin with thick walls and 
well preserved chimney and fire-place, and situated on a high bluff, commands a 
magnificent view of the inlet and ocean and all the surrounding region. A large 
cedar stands in the middle of one of the rooms. It is probably one of the oldest 
structures in the United States. It might have been a military outpost, or a mission 
house, as is indicated by a niche in the wall. 

A much more extensive and imposing ruin lies out in an old field a little way 
west of the town, which has until lately been designated as the "Sugar House." It 
was undoubtedly used for this purpose, but the ecclesiastical lines of its foundations, 
and the architectural symmetry and beauty of its walls and arches plainly indicate an 
earlier religious origin as the seat of a Spanish mission. 

New Smyrna is well worth visiting on its own account, for its hammock and 
water scenery and beach. Mr. W. E. Connor, of New York, owns a beautiful winter 
residence here with elegant surroundings. Mr. Pierre Lorillard makes New Smvrna 



72 



The <Siandai^d Gttide. 



the winter rendezvous of his 
house boat and yachts. The 
Indian River water system, 
including the Hahfax and 
Hillsboro, Lake Worth and 
Biscayne Bay, is becoming 
more and more from year to 
year the abode of ample 
house boats and pleasure 
craft of all descriptions. 

It would be unfair to 
Ormond to pass by its 
greatest single attraction, 
the Tomoka River. It was 
once the chosen resort of 
the Tomoka tribe of Indi- 
ans. They had the best 
reasons for their choice. 
Black bass from three to six 
pounds in weight abound in 
its deep still waters, and 
red bass are taken near its 
mouth. Its high wooded 
bluffs afford dry and pictur- 
e s q u e camping grounds. 
Not so much of a curiosity 
as the Oklawaha twisting its 
weird and narrow way 
through gloomy cypresses, 
it is far more beautiful and 
accessible. Only six miles 
from the Ormond bridge, 
and but ten miles long, it 
can easily be reached either 
by carriage or boat. On a bold headland about midway that commands shining 
stretches of the river stands the log cabm. Its twelve feet veranda and cavernous 
fire-place nine feet wide hospitably invite you in case it rains — a very seldom 
occurrence — or after nightfall, but the picknickers commonly prefer the shaded 
tables under the water oaks. From a Springfield Republican letter, dated March 12, 
1894, we quote the following description of the wonderfully various vegetation: 

"On the high upland shores that skirt the lower river where crop out the craggy 
coquina ledges, the tall and solemn pines lift themselves. As the river narrows serried 
hosts of tufted palms close it in. And now their solid wall is broken, their triple ranks 
grow thinner, they stand silhouetted against the background of the hazily illumined 
sky, they crook and bend their heads toward the stream as if in worship. As the 




SENTINEL PALMETTOES. 



TJic Standard Guide. 



Th 



river curves again tlie view opens upon vast prairie-like savannas of tall saw-grass 
stretching away like verdant seas and broken in the far distance by isolated groups 
of lofty palms. By the river brink like an embroidered hem to this great carpet of 
verdure, huge brake ferns of yellow-green mingle with tufts of tall plumed sedges 
and flowering stalks that rise twelve and fifteen feet above the grassy level. 

" The changing skies lend ever new effects of glorious colormg. Now there are 




\ I'M M i;i_Ai:ii 



silver mountains of cloud, overtopped by a rift of blue; and above that hang showery 
mists of leaden gray. A moment later and they shut down upon us in a sweet, 
pattering April shower. As the shower passes, the river is rippled with lace-like 
wavelets, and before it takes on the blue again, shines like oxidized silver. Now 
bursts out the sun, and the palms rustle in the gentle breeze and glisten with golden 
sheen. And besides the palms, a countless variety of other trees and shrubs and 
water plants. Magnificent live oaks, draped with long pendant mosses that wave 
in the breeze like climbing serpents, old sprawling cedars of rusty red throwing 



74 



I he Standard Guide, 




THE ROVAI. I'OINCIAk'A. 



down into the deep, black water their gnarled and giant roots; the young cedars tall 
and straight and of tender green like Northern hemlocks in the month of June; 
magnolias almost as vast as the lofty oaks, their broad leaves radiant with glossy 
gree- . bay trees with delicate leaves of olive green and fragrant to the touch; water 
«■ 3 less majestic than the live oaks, but more symmetrical; red maples just now 
ablaze with their tender leaf buds; the bitter-sweets, their seed-pods of glowing red 
opening out of their yellow jackets; high up in the tree tops white and yellow mistletoe, 
and down on the water surface the white lilies; grand silver beeches decorated with 
sulphur-colored lichens; yellow jasmines and wild orange blossoms scenting the 
balmy air with sweet fragrance. In this marvelous variety of flora there is everv 
shade of green and brown and red and yellow with hints enough of blue and black 
reflected into the pellucid depths from the upper sky. 

"The best of it all is the last, the culmination of supreme beauty at the head 
of the river in the tangled wildwood, where the stream becomes so narrow that our 
little steamer has but just room to turn around. The wind can no longer get iow 



The Standard Guide. 



75 



enough to make even a single wavelet upon the transparent surface of the water as it 
wells up from deep, pure springs. Into the clear depths are reflected with startling 
vividness trunk and twig, and leaf and ledge and cloud. Every minutest form o^f 
beauty in the upper world is repeated and glorified in these crystal depths." 

Lake Helen is reached by a ride of twenty-one miles on the A. & W. branch of 
the East Coast Line. It has a sustained reputation as a health resort ; the curative 
properties of the natural conditions here are particularly marked in cases of pulmo- 
nary complaints. The Southern Cassadaga Spiritualistic Association convenes at 




ARCHITF.r-irRK nv rrKKF.V rRF.EK. 

Lake Helen. Lake Helen is reached also from the interior and the Gulf Coast by way 
of Orange City Junction, where the Plant System connects with the East Coast Line. 

Passmg down the coast, we traverse the famous orange belt of the Indian Rtver. 
A little below New Smyrna was discovered, ninety years ago, the original grove 
of wild sweet oranges, from which buds have been carried all over the State. 

Rockledge is named from the bold coquina ledges which lend a picturesque 
beauty to the shore line. The foot walk for several miles on the high river 
bank,^ leading through one splendid orange grove to another and past^elegant 
mansions, is very fascinating. IMiere is a grand outlook across the river to 
Merritt's Island, which is also populous with villas, groves and gardens. The 
packing houses from which railways carry the orange cars to th^e piers, from 



76 



The Standard Guide. 



which the fruit steamers pick them up, the sail boats and rowboats, often mar.neA by 
young ladies who feather their oars with sailor-like precision, the pedestrian parties 
one continually meets on the river path, the well-contented occupants of the elegant 

mansions that front the river adjoining 
on their broad verandas, the dole e far 
iiiciite leisure of the Rockledge winter 
resident, the orange pickers amid the 
golden fruit, and the skilled landscape 
gardening that emblazons the walks 
and grounds of the hotels with brilliant 
tropical flowers, all unite to make 
Rockledge deservedly and perma- 
nently popular with winter tourists. 

Leaving Rockledge, about twenty 
miles further down the river we enter 
the pineapple region at Eau Gallic and 
Melbourne, which are adjacent to each 
other, and connected as the East Coast 
points are all along by an almost con- 
tinuous line of settlements fronting 
the Indian River on both sides, and 
at the same time within hearing of the 
Atlantic surf. For instance, Sarno lies 
between Eau Gallie and Melbourne. 
It is a conglomerate array of hotel, 
restaurant, furnished cottages, and 
apartments elaborately fitted up with 
every modern convenience to suit the 
liking and the purse of various sorts 
of people, whether the transient 
tourist or those inclined to more 
private family arrangements. 

Either Eau Gallie or Melbourne 
is a good place at which to study the 
pineapple culture. John Aspinwall, 
of Eau Gallie, or J. H. Phillips, presi- 
dent of the Melbourne State Bank, will 
tell you all about it. This is the only 
section in Florida, extending from 
Cape Canaveral to Biscayne Bay, 
where the climate, which is the main 
thing, is suitable for the permanent and profitable cultivation of the pineapple out of 
doors. In this pineapple belt is also found the only suitable land for out of door and 
unprotected culture, while very much of it is entirely unsuited for pineapples. For 




BILLY BuWLKUS— A SKMINOLE OF TU-D.W, 
Ffom ^^ Forest and Streajn. 



The StancCai'd Guide. 



77 



Further south, Fort Pierce is to be noted as a w 




inter resort much visited by sports- 
men, for whose comfort and 
requirements special provision is 
here made. Back of Fort Pierce 
is the home of one branch of the 
Seminole Indians, and they may 
here often be seen trading their 
alligator skins, plumes and game 
for ammunition and supplies. 

"These Indians," writes Rev. 
John W. Harding, "are that por- 
tion of the tribe who refused to 
move with the rest to the reser- 
vation appointed for them about 
fifty years ago in the Indian Ter- 
ritory west of the Mississippi. 
They hid themselves in the Ever- 
glades and still remain in tacit re- 
bellion, and regard the white 
man with suspicious enmity. 
How many there are is doubtful, 
for the census taker, in common 
with other Government officials, 
ignores them, and they are de- 
cidedly averse to enlightening 
the public on this point or any 
other. The guesses about their 
population vary from 300 to 
1,000. One of the most compe- 
tent observers, Colonel J. E. Tn- 
graham, puts it at about 300. 
They are without doubt increas- 
ing in number and their general 
condition is improving. 

"While one nation, they are di- 
vided into three tribes — the Big 
Cypress, Cow Creek and Miamis. 
The Big Cypress Indians live in 
the vicinity of Fort Myers, be- 
tween Caloosahatchee River and 
the Ciulf of Mexico ; the Miamis 
live back of Miami, on Biscayne 
Bay, and the Cow Creeks are 
situated back of Fort Pierce and 
the vSt. Lucie River, which emp- 
ties into the Indian River."' 



78 The Standard Guide. 

The prime attraction of the East Coast remains to be mentioned. (loing south- 
ward one hundred miles from Melbourne we reach Palm Beach, on Lake Worth. 
Here we enter the cocoanut region and the tropical paradise of Florida. Lake Worth 
is a salt-water lagoon like the other waters of the Lidian River system, twenty-two 
miles long by an average of a mile in width, and separated from the Atlantic Ocean 
bv a peninsula of rich hammock and marsh about a mile wide. Here is situated the 
Royal Poinciana, one of the largest hotels in the world, and royal indeed in respect 
both of its entirely unique surroundings and its magnificent appointments. Fronting 
the beautiful lake and commanding also the ocean view, it has the peculiar advantage 
of a lordly grove of cocoanut palms and the finest environments of tropical garden- 
ing already prepared at lavish cost by a former proprietor of the site. The magnifi- 
cent hotel does not stand alone in respect of such environments. For several miles, 
along the lake front range other beautiful and highly improved estates with similar 
adornments of cocoanut palms and a great variety of other tropical flora. The origin 
of these cocoanut palms was in the wreck many years ago of a Spanish brig, the 
Providencia, which scattered a cargo of cocoanuts all along the adjacent coast. 

It is quite impossible to give any adequate description of the peculiar and 
unparalleled attractions of Lake AVorth. It is unlike any other part of this very 
unique and dissimilar State of Florida. " Lake Worth," writes a correspondent of 
Forest and Stream, "is a salt-water lagoon, about twenty-two miles long and one mile 
wide, formed by the ocean receding and forming a narrow ridge of sand, now about 
one mile wide at its widest part. It is connected with the sea by a shallow inlet at 
its northern end, through which the tide ebbs and flows. The channel in the lake is 
200 or 300 feet wide, with water 6 to 8 feet deep, decreasing very much in depth at 
the southern half of the lake. 

"The climate is very greatly influenced and tempered both in winter and summer 
by the Gulf Stream, which passes close to the shore at this point. The normal winter 
temperature is about 70 to 75 deg., falling to 40 (.\&g. under the influence of 'cold 
northers,' and probably once a winter the very tender leaves of the banana trees will 
be lightly touched by frost or affected by the low temperature. 

"The scenery of this section is entirely tropical, the native palmetto palm, with 
its bunchy, plumelike top, being very conspicuous above the other foliage ; with 
numerous cocoanut palms, in the vicinity of each settlement, lifting their graceful 
fronds above, entirely different from any other foliage. Behind these are frequently 
seen those red and golden tropical sunsets where everything is still ; the smoke, 
rising from a cottage chimney while the evening meal is being prepared, apparently 
stands up in a straight, perpendicular line, with definite and sharp edges, until it 
vanishes 50 feet above — a synonym of silence. To this tropical foliage and scenery 
must be added at day dawn the songs of mockingbirds, robins and catbirds, numbers 
of redbirds, crested woodpeckers and other birds common to the North, which are also 
enjoying the climate. At night the whippoorwills keep up a continuous condemna- 
tion of poor William. Almost any day the strange and apparently awkward-looking 
pelicans may be seen feeding in the lake, and flamingoes ranged in line on the 
sandbars. 



The Standard Guide. 



79 



"On a strip of sand, one mile wide, between tlie lake and the ocean for about five 
miles of its length, are located the extensive tropical gardens, costly mansions and 
tasteful cottages of the Northerners, come hither to enjoy six winter months of ideal 
out-of-door existence. 

"Tropical plants and trees from all parts of the world are gathered here. Walks 
shaded by groves of cocoanut palms are laid out in geometrical patterns, bordered 
with concrete curbs, and with lawns protected by curved sea walls of concrete and 
coquina on the lake front. Oleanders, hybiscus and passion flowers are in bloom. 
Mangoes, guavas, limes, lemons, oranges, figs, sappadillas, date palms, bananas, pine- 
apples and early vegetables are common in all the gardens ; some have strawberries 
ripe in February, and tomatoes in abundance in March. Rubber trees, royal poinciana, 




A MEMORY OF TllK EASF COAST LAND. 



paradise, coffee, traveler's and numbers of curious trees ornameiit the gardens, and 
the gnarled straggling arms of great live oaks, covered with knobs and bunches of 
two varieties of orchids and hanging moss, by weird contrast add to the beauties. 

"Walks 20 feet wide and one mile long, bordered with cocoanut palms, oleanders 
and azaleas, lead from the lake front, where are located all the residences and hotels, 
to the ocean front, which is almost a perpendicular bluff from 10 to 15 feet in height, 
with a steep and narrow beach of crushed shells and little sand, upon which with a 
magnificent surf the ocean breaks, in color a clear, bright, ultramarine blue, entirely 
different from the dull green color of the ocean on the New Jersey coast. 

"On the western shore of the lake are large pineapple plantations, each year 
increasing in numbers and in production. Thirty miles to the west is Lake Okecho- 
bee and settlements of the Seminole Indians, who occasionally make their appearance 
among us, generally dressed as the 'white man.' " 

Nearly all the sea fish are found in the lake, such as bluefish, spotted sea trout, 
cavalle, red snapper, barracuda, pompano, sawfish, mullet and redfish, or channel 
bass. Tarpon are not found here, although they are caught north and south of this 



8o The Standai'd Guide. 

point. The principal fishing is outside tlie inlet for kingfish, of which enormous 
catches are recorded. 

The Hotel Royal Poinciana takes its name from the beautiful tree Poiiiciana 
Jiegia, which abounds here, and is famed for the blazing brilliance of its midsummer 
bloom. The hotel occupies the site where stood Mr. R. R. McCormick's house, in 
the midst of a garden enriched with rare plants and shrubs and trees, brought hither 
from every quarter of the globe. The building is in the Colonial style, six stories in 
height, and surmounted by a tower from which the view commands both the lake 
and the ocean. Although the Royal Poinciana is the largest hotel in the South, it 
proved the first season it was open quite inadequate to accommodate the demands of 
the public, and a second hotel of the East Coast system has been provided in the Palm 
Beach Inn. The Beach Pavilion should have mention ; it is to the Royal Poinciana 
what the Casino is to the Ponce de Leon. 'J'here are here immense swimming pools 
of sea water and sulphur water. Surf bathing is enjoyable at Palm Beach the year 
around. Favorite walks are to the Cragin Place, two miles north, and the Rubber 
Tree, two miles south ; Lake \\'orth village, the pineapple j^lantations and cocoa- 
nut groves. 

Among the sails the most interesting perhaps is to Pitt's Island, on Lake Worth. 
Something of the wonderful nature of the tropical vegetation that everywhere charms 
the eye is indicated in this description of the island given by a correspondent of the 
Springfi"Id Republican : ".It is worth the journey from the North to see the great 
sprawliug sea grape tree, with broad round lilypad mottled leaf of green and red, 
tumbling and prancing around in the queerest jerks and contortions, now running its 
huge branches along the ground, then springing up and forward with a leap, and 
then suddenly making a backward turn, cavorting and somersaulting in all imagin- 
able and unthought-of twistings. But queerer still, ami more utterly wayward, is the 
rubber banyan, with its smooth, elephant-gray bark and long glossy leaves. It just 
capers and leaps in its luxuriant capacities for rapid and giant growth. When it has 
shot forth a branch to an amazing length almost horizontally from the parent trunk, 
it drops a string-like pendant, raveled out at the end, which sways awhile in the air, 
but give it time and it will reach the ground, and its raveled fibers will take root and 
soon become a smooth, round trunk. This will often unite itself with other pendants, 
and, the fissures by and by disappearing, they together become a wide, smooth, narrow 
mass like a great elongated screen. I saw one of these huge banyans engaged in 
deadly contest with a large mastic tree, the wood of which is solid and tough like 
ebony. It was so far a drawn game. The banyan had clasped the mastic and wound 
and twisted about it like the serpents about Laocoon, till it seemed as if it must be 
stifled, when lo! the mastic finds its chance and shoots out and up in towering 
strength 50 feet into the air. Space fails one to tell of the foliage plants of brilliant 
red, yellow and purple, 10 feet high, of the flaming broad-leaved hybiscus ; the royal 
and magnificent poinciana, a gorgeous flowering tree ; of the moon flowers and the 
morning glories, creepuig everywhere at their own sweet will ; of the white and red 
oleanders, 20 feet high and spreading an equal width. Here indeed is Florida in its 
own unquestioned right — the land of flowers." 



The Standai'd Guide. 8i 

West Palm Beach is a thriving town which has grown up since the advent of the 
East Coast Line at Lake Worth. From Palm Beach the steamship Northumberland, 
of the Florida East Coast Steamship Line, runs to Nassau. 

The railroad extends south to Miami, on Biscayne Bay, one of the finest yachting 
waters on the continent. Four and one-half miles below Miami, at Cocoanut Grove, 
is the headquarters of the Biscayne Bay Yacht Club. 



SOME TOURIST RESORTS. 

De Land is situated in the orange grove section, between the St. John's River 
and the Atlantic Ocean, loo miles south of Jacksonville, on the J., L. iS: K. W. Ry. 
The town is noted for its salubrious climate and healthfulness, and tor the enterprise 
of its people. It is the seat of tht John B. Stetson University. Hotel — Putnam; M. 
E. Ciould, proprietor. 

Jacksonville, on the St. John's River, twenty-five miles from the sea, is the 
entering point for Florida from the north. It is the largest city in the State, and 
the railway and steamship center. All trains arrive at and depart from the Union 
Passenger Station, thus avoiding transfers. The Clyde Line steamships run to 
Charleston and New York, and the Clyde's St. John's River steamers ascend the 
river to Sanford. The town is a popular ttnirist resort. Hotels — St. James ; J. R. 
Campbell, proprietor. Placide ; N. L. W^ard, proprietor. 

Key West, situated on an island sixty miles from the mainland, is the southern- 
most point of Florida. It holds an important strategic position at the Key of the 
Ciulf and has one of the largest naval stations of the country. The island is of coral 
formation ; it is seven miles long and has a number of pleasant drives. The 25,000 
residents are largely made up of Cubans and immigrants from the Bahamas; and the 
principal industries are cigar making, sponge fishing and wrecking on the Florida 
Reef. There is no end of novelty here, and Key West is a most entertaining place 
for the tourist. The shipping is of such magnitude that Key West supports the second 
largest customhouse in the South. Havana is only ninety miles distant. Steamers 
of the Plant System leave Port Tampa twice a week for Key West. 

Lake Helen, on the picturesque sheet of water bearing the same name, is 
seventy miles south of St. Augustine, in the pine forest belt, and in the orange grove 
district between the St. John's River and the Atlantic Ocean. It possesses advan- 
tages for invalids suffering from pulmonary troubles. It is reached from St. Augus- 
tine by the branch of the East Coast Line extending west from New Smyrna ; and is 
also accessible from Jacksonville by the J., T. &: K. W. Ry., and by Clyde's St. 
John's River steamers to Blue Springs Landing ; thence East Coast Line. Harlan 
Hotel ; Holmes ^: Watkins, proprietors. 

Ocala is 101 miles south of Jacksonville, on the Florida Central l\: Peninsular Rail- 
way. It is the center of the phosphate mining industry, and is a modern progressive 
business city. Some of the most famous orange groves of the State are in the vicinity. 



82 TJie Standard Giiidc. 

Palatka, on the St. John's River, sixty-five miles south of Jacksonville, and 
twenty-eight miles from St. Augustine via the East Coast Line, is the starting point 
for the Ocklawaha River excursion to Silver Springs. Local attractions are driving, 
boating and fishing. Hotel — Putnam House ; William Catto, proprietor. 

The Ocklawaha River Tour affords a revelation of some of the wildest 
scenery in the State, and an experience never to be forgotten. The river is navigated 
by steamboats, which are lighted on their way through the night by search-lights. 
The effect, as the boat makes her tortuous way beneath the moss-hung arches of the 
river, is exceedingly weird and fascinating. The excursion is well worth making 
from Palatka to Silver Springs, whence one may go to Ocala ; thence to return by 
rail, or go on to the West Coast. Silver Springs is a circular basin, 600 feet in 
diameter, of water of wonderful clearness, which bursts up in a great flood from a 
depth of 65 feet. So clear is the spring that from a boat the smallest objects can be 
seen on the bottom. Reached by steamer from Palatka. 

Punta Gorda, situated on Charlotte Harbor, the southernmost harbor on the 
West Coast, is an important shipping point for cattle, phosphate and agricultural 
products ; it is the terminus of the Florida Southern Railway. Charlotte Harbor is 
famous for its fishing, and Punta Gorda is headquarters for tarpon fishermen. The 
tarpon, or " silver king," is highly prized by anglers, hosts of whom visit Punta Gorda 
annually. Hotel — Punta Gorda. 

Suwanee Springs, on the Suwanee River famed in song, is reached from 
Jacksonville by the Florida Central & Peninsular Railway to Live Oak, thence by 
Plant System ; and from Palatka by the Georgia Southern & Florida Railroad. The 
sulphur springs here draw large numbers of visitors. Hotel — The Suwanee Springs; 
Andrew Hanley, general manager. 

Tampa, at the head of Hillsborough Bay on the Gulf Coast, 212 miles from 
Jacksonville, is reached by the Florida Central & Peninsular Railway, whose terminus 
is here ; and by the South Florida Railroad (Plant System), which extends nine miles 
further south to Port Tampa, whence the Plant steamships run to Key West and Ha- 
vana. Tampa is commercially the most important point on the Florida W^est Coast ; 
it is a large shipping port and has extensive cigar manufactories. The Tampa Bay 
Hotel, erected by Mr. H. B. Plant, is famous for size and luxurious furnishing. 

THE STANDARD'S HOTEL LIST. 

For 5t. Augustine HoteiS see Ready Reference, page iv. 

Alma, Mich. — The Alma. Richmcwid — The Lexington. 

Battle Creek, Mich.— The ]]attle Creek Sani- Old Point Comfort — Hygeia. 

tarium. . Atlanta — Aragon, Kimball House. 

New York — Majestic. Jacksonville — St. James, Placide. 

Baltimore — Stafford. Palatka — Putnam House. 

Washington — Buckingham, Ebbitt, Elsmere, Lake Helen— Harlan House. 

Fredonia, Johnson, National, Normandie, Ox- Ormond — The Ormond, Hotel Coquina. 

ford, Raleigh, Regent, St. James, Warner. Palm Beach — Royal Poinciana, Palm Peach Inn. 

(Travelers' Supplies — J. S. Topham, 1231 Penn Punta Gorda— Punta Gorda Hotel. 

sylvania avenue.) Suwanee — Suwanee Sulphur Springs Hotcu 



The Southern Tourist. 



THP2 Florida-b(Hintl tourist has choice of two through trains a day over the 
Southern Railway. Each of them is vestibuled, is equipped with ever^ 
appointment known to the comfort and refinement of railroad development, 
and speeds to its destination as the arrow flies. 
Two through trains are provided daily from New York to St. Augustine. The route 
from New York is 
via Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, Wash- 
ington, Lynch- 
burg, Danville, 
Greensboro, Salis- 
b u r y , Charlotte, 
Columbia, Savan- 
nah and Jackson- 
ville to St. Augus- 
tine. The time 




jard calls for a 
-chedule of less 
han twenty-nine 
lOurs. This is a 
riumph of per- 
■cted railway ser- 
ice. The South- 
in route is well 
named the Florida 
Short Line. 

(_)r if we shall 
be not over impa- 
tient for the sunny 
sky of Florida, but 

shall linger here and there to visit fields made famous by the conflicts of the war, to look 
upon scenery worth a much longer journey to behold, or to learn something of the ways- 
and the charm of life in this middle South, all these we shall find on the main line of 



UN 'IHE LINE UK THK 



84 1 he Standard Guide. 

the Southern System and its score of alluring bypaths. From Washington to Florida 
the route is through a historic and picturesque region. Add to the historic and scenic 
attractions of the line the splendid exhibition by which the trip affords a magnificent 
revelation of the agricultural, mineral and industrial resources of the South, and then 
you shall understand why the tedium of travel is something which is never known on 
the speeding trains of the Southern. 

Not only does the Southern Railway afford a direct and delightful through service 
to Florida and the far South, but it gives the only access to the famed resorts of the 
Land of the Sky in western North Carolina. It is the route to Asheville, a point whose 
reputation has been increasing for eight or ten years as a home for people who seek a 
mild climate, with excellent hotels and other multiplied attractions. The city is situa- 
ted on a plateau between the Allegheny Mountains, the Blue Ridge and the Great 
Smoky — all made famous in poem and prose by Charles Egbert Craddock, Christian 
Reid and Constance Fenimore Woolson. Asheville is between the Swannanoa and 
French Broad rivers; it overlooks a thousand square miles of superb scenery and has 
been termed "the City in the Skies." The town is noted for its healthful and deli- 
cious climate, its pure and invigorating atmosphere, the beauty of its scenery, its 
delightful drives, and a wealth of adjacent points of interest. Climatic maps and 
official data furnished by the United States Signal Service show that Asheville has the 
driest climate, the year round, of any point east of Denver. Out of 365 days there is 
an average of 259 clear ones. It is far enough south to insure a mild winter, while 
its altitude is so great as to create a cool summer. But more than all other consider- 
ations is the proved healthfulness of this region. Malaria is unknown. The mountain 
district of western North Carolina has long been favorably known for its healthful 
climate, and especially for its beneficial effects in pulmonary and throat troubles. 
These succumb to the balmy air of this locality. Some of the most learned and skilled 
physicians in the United States have recorded the fact that in this climate tubercular 
consumption is not hereditary. 

This beautiful North Carolina city in the skies is a great half-way stopping place, 
both in going to Florida and returning home. It offers attractions that cannot be 
found elsewhere; its people are open-hearted and hospitable; its climate unsurpassed 
east of the Rocky Mountains. 

"Asheville, the beautiful, much extolled and world-wide known," writes Charles 
Hallock in Forest and Stream, " is Mecca for tourists the whole year round. They 
come in crowds from the South in summer and from the North in winter, lingering 
until the solstices are well spent. Only in May and October do breaks occur in the 
pilgrimage. Frosts and heats do not check the tidal fluxes any more than they 
interrupt the migration of wildfowl : any meteorological excesses being accepted as 
preferable to home conditions. 

"What Lenox in Massachusetts is to the Berkshire Hills, socially and transcen- 
dently, the town of Asheville is to Buncombe county, N. C; only the conformation 
of the inclosing mountains is more massive and the conventionalities less exacting. 
Pretension is not much overstrained, and the glitter of wealth does not blind the 
unaccustomed eye ; so that Mr. Slimpurse contemplates its visible expression as he 



The Standard Guide. 



85 



does the afterglow of sunset, delighting in its radiance because the solar power 
is not felt. Even the dominating magnificence and scope of Biltmore are tempered 
to the shorn and impecunious, who regard it less as a wonder than a cornucopia of 
superabundance disseminating blessings in its overflow. The multitudes of work- 




LOOKOUT MOINTAIN. 
On the line of the Southern Railway. 

n:ien who are still employed in creating, erecting and enlarging the premises recognize 
its beneficence. And so it happens that Asheville in all its esthetic and economic 
aspects is made inviting to sojourners and transients. Its dimpled hills and undu- 
lations are soft and velvety. 

"Until the Western North Carolina Railroad first scaled these battlements of 



36 The Standard Gtiide, 

■'cloud land' with its iron ways, a dozen years ago, Asheville was practically isolated 
and unknown. Now it is the idtiiiia thiilc of tourists. Visitors come all the way from 
Europe to inspect the great American dukedom and the castle which has no equal 
on the Rhine. And since it has been included in the comprehensive Southern Rail- 
way system, brick blocks are going up en masse on the principal streets and villas 
by the score — Asheville rising, phenix-like ! Drives and trolleys wind everywhere. 
The French Broad River, loo yards wide, incloses half its environs. From its central 
eminence on Battery Park, dominating the surrounding streets like the Capitol at 
Washington, the Battery Park Hotel looks out on every side across an interval of 
compacted bricks and mortar to circumjacent hills and wooded ridges crowned 
with modern villas. Beyond this tangible horizon, away off in the blue distance 
under the cloud line, in phalanges almost unbroken, stand the circumvallate moun- 
tains, reaching north, south, east and west — the Great Smokies, Balsams, Black 
Mountains and Blue Ridge all in full view ; not just one single " Presidential Range," 
alio-ned in grim array as in the White Mountains, but Titanic elevations all around, 
out of whose serrated ranks rise no less than forty domes and peaks exceeding 6,000 
feet in height. Gaze in whatever direction we may, there loom inimitable heights. 
It is grand ! The outlook has no counterpart on the continent. 

" In darkest nights, when its electric lights are on, the myriad windows of the 
hotel gleam like fireflies, while observers who gaze out from its storied heights over 
the shadowed plain below seem to survey a sea brilliant with phosphorescence, out of 
which the intenser coruscations from the many electric masts flash in the darkness 
like stars of extra magnitude. From this high point of vantage one also sees such 
kaleidoscopic sunsets as he never saw before — so varied in their cloud effects and 
displays of color that no two ever appear alike. Perhaps it is because the ether is 
purer, and vapors gather in more fantastic shapes among the mountains." 

And of the scenery on the Southern, as it brings one to Asheville, Mr. Hallock 
writes : "West of Round Knob, on the division approaching Asheville, the scenery 
is very grand, and the tortuous ascent almost equal to the zigzag up the Cascades 
on the Pacific division of the Great Northern Railroad. From one point the track 
over which the train has just climbed may be seen on fourteen different grades, and 
the course is so sinuous that the sun beams into the car windows first on one side 
and then the other; while silvery cascades leap from the mountain sides so close as 
to almost wet the coaches with their spray. It is just after this toilsome ascent that 
the train draws into the long tunnel at Swannanoa, and thence out of the gloom 
into the upper firmament and sunshine of Asheville. The two spurs of the same 
railroad, which run northwest to Paint Rock and southwest to Murphy, 120 miles, 
are romantically rugged almost all the way, and are reckoned among the most daring 
pieces of railroad engineering in the country." 

Biltmore, the country seat of George W. Vanderbilt, near Asheville, is reputed to 
be the most costly and valuable private estate in America. The house grounds 
comprise 9,000 acres of lawn, farm and forest, with 30 miles of magnificent roadways, 
rustic bridges, artificial lakes, and thousands of trees, shrubs and plants brought 
from every quarter of the globe. The hunting preserves comprise 87,000 acres more. 



The Standard Guide. 



87 



The house stands on an artificial plateau formed by truncating, the cone of a mountain 
peak. It overlooks the French Broad and Swannanoa rit.rs, and commTds ." 
entrancmg panorama of valleys and mountan.s, range upon range; there are fifty 
peaks wh.ch are more than 5,000 feet high. The house is built of stone and of brick 
made on the estate; it ,s 300X19-' feet, with lawns, tennis courts, bowline- .reen 
conservatories, sunken gardens and other features. The house was begun^n iSgx' 
and was opened on Chnstmas Day of 1895, but is not yet completed; hundreds of 
workmen are st.ll employed upon the building and the grounds. Mr. Vanderbilfs 
pay-roll and expenditure account for supplies during the progress of the work are 
said to have been $13,000 a week; the total cost of Biltmore is nut at $6 000 000 




THE \AN'DEKi;n,T ClIATICAi: 



-lill.l.MoKK. 



The \anderbilt estate has come to be one of the most interesting attractions in the 
vicinity of Asheville; the public is permitted to drive through the grounds. 

Atlanta, with its thirteen railroads, is termed the Gate City. The name su-crests 
commercial importance. The volume of business aggregates $160,000,000 a^-ear 
At anta is the metropolis of the South. If your ticket over the Southern reads via 
Atlanta, you will find abundant interest and attraction for a stay here. The dome of 
the State Capitol will remind you of the one at Washington; the soft coal smoke will 
cause the Chicago man to sigh for home; one may dodge trolleys as in Brooklvn or 
-Boston, and in the business section will be reminded of certain quarters of New York 
: 1 he city Itself and its suburbs are rich in historical associations connected with the 
Uvii War. In Grant Park may still be seen the ruins of Fort Walker- Peachtree 
Creek and Ezra Church battle-grounds are near. Three miles out by steam is Fort 
Mel herson, a military post, open to the public, where one may get a glimpse of the 
military routine of 1896-something quite different, by the wav, from\he armv life 
jon this same spot in the Sixties. 
i 



1 he Standard Guide. 



\ 







WASMiNQTON IS A BEAUTJFUL CITY. 

JOURNEYING between the Northeast and Florida, you will naturally 
decide to go via Washington, and, hence, quite as naturally, will 
prefer to take the most delightful and shortest route, viz., the 
Southern Railway (Piedmont Air Line), which extends from Washington 
along the cbarming mountain section of Virginia and North CaroHna, and 
unites at Columbia, S. C, with the Florida Central & Peninsular R. R., via 
Savannah and Jacksonville. 

Auxiliary tours are provided at a small cost for those of our patrons 
desiring to enjoy a detour through the glorious mountains of Western \orth 
Carolina — "The Land of the Sky" — embracing yVstieville, Hot Springs, 
N. C, etc., reached only by the Southern Railway. 

Similar arrangements also for Florida tourists tlesiring to visit Camden, 
S. C, Aiken, S. C, Bon Air, Augusta, etc. Also Brunswick by the Sea. 

Through trains between New York, Washington and Jacksonville, 
St. Augustine and Tampa. Luxurious drawing-room and compartment 
cars, Pullman dining service, accelerated schedules. 

Complete information obtainable from any Ticket or Passenger Agent 
of the Pennsylvania R. R. Company, Southern Railway Company (Piedmont 
Air Line), Florida Central & Peninsular R. R. Co., Florida East Coast 
Line (Flagler System) and connecting lines. 

W. A. Turk, G. P. A., Southern Railway Co., Washington, 1). C. 
A. O. Mac Donell, G. P. A., F. C. & P. R. R. Co., Jacksonville, Fla. 
S. H. Hardwick, a. Ct. p. A., Southern Railway Co., Atlanta, (ia. 

Circulars also at the Stanc^rd Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 



rjic Standard Giiidc. 



ONE NIGHT OUT. 



IN so short a time the journe)' between New York and 
Florida, shice the formation of the new great short Hne, 
is now accomphshed, leaving New York by Pennsylvania Rail- 
road daily via Southern Railway (Piedmont Air Line) and 
Florida Central & Peninsular R. R., arriving at Jacksonville 
and St. Augustine early next evening. Equally excellent 
time returning, thus making only one night on the road in 
either direction. The entire journey is a pleasurable scenic 
entertainment, embracing New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 
Washington, L)-nchburg, Danville, Greensboro, Salisbury, 
Charlotte, Columbia, Savannah, Jacksonville. 

The New York and Plorida Short Line Limited, com- 
prising Pullman Drawing-room Cars 
between New York and Tampa, Pull- 
man Compartment Cars between New 
York and St. Augustine, First-class 
Thoroughfare Coaches and Smoking 
Cars betw^een Washington and Jack- 
sonville. Hotel Dining Cars on the 
Limited serve all meals between New 
York and St. Augustine. 

The other Fast Limited trains, the 
U. S. Fast Mail, have Pullman Draw- 
ing-room Cars be- 
~" "^"' """""*? tween New York 

and Jacksonville 
without change. 

Double Daily 
Service. 

•-> New York Offices — 271 & 

353 Broadway. 

Washington Office — 1300 
Pennsylvania Avenue. 
Jacksonville Offices— 212 
■ * - ' .. '-^'^ West Bay Street, and corner 

Bay and Hogan Streets. 
Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 




The Standard Guide, 

As the Arrow Flies -^^ 

Su swiftly and directly speed along the great through Vestibuled Trains of 
the Queen & Crescent Route— the Southern Railway— the Florida Short 
t' , I-i"t between Cincinnati and Jacksonville, via Chatta- 

B^ nooga, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta, Macon, Brunswick, 

forming the shortest and quickest route between these 
points, and affording most luxurious through car 
service, consisting of entire vestibuled trains, 
Pullman drawing-room and compartment cars, 
vestibuled thoroughfare coaches, smoking cars, 
etc., presentmg the best route between 

Chicago, Indianapolis, Detroit, 
Cleveland, Columbus, etc. 

Also offering excellent service between Louisville, 
Ky., and Jacksonville, via Burgin, Ky., via the 

SOUTHERN RAILWAY 

A X I ) 

QUEEN & CRESCENT. 

Li addition to the direct short line routes, tickets 
are obtainable via Hot Springs, N. C, along 
the French Broad River, Asheville, N. C, 
the beautiful "Land of the Sky," with 
through car service between Cincinnati and 
Asheville, and Asheville and Jacksonville, 
embracing Columbia, S. C, and Savannah, 
Ga.; also Brunswick by the Sea. Hence, for 

COMFORT, % 

CELERITY, 
% SCENERY, 

The southern RAILWAY is UNAPPROACHARLE. 





C. A. BEN5C0TER, 

Ass't CiENERAi. Passenger Agent, 



5. H. HARDWICK, 

Ass't General Passenger Agent. 



W. A. TURK, General Passenger Agent. 



Circular, also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St, Augustine and Palm Beach. 



The Standard Guide. 

Jacksonville, Fla. ^:^^ 
* * and Kansas City, Mo. 

THROUGH PULLMAN DRAWING-ROOM CARS. 

The SOUTHERN RAILWAY, in conjunction with the Plant System 
and the Kansas Cit}-, Fort Scott & ^Memphis Railway, has inaugurated a 
system of daily through Pullman drawing-room cars between Kansas City 
and Jacksonville without change, 

Embracing 
SPRINGFIELD, flo., ^ 

HEMPHIS, Tenn., 

BIRniNQHAn, Ala., 
ATLANTA, Qa., 
^ MACON, Qa., 

via EVERETT, 
The Only Through Car Route. 

ALSO 

BRUNSWICK BY THE SEA. 

QUICKEST TIME 

In Both Directions. 

Apply to any agent of these Companies: 

Southern Railway, F. C. & P., 

Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis R. R. 

or connecting roads. 

W. A. TURK, 

G. P. A., So. Ry. Co., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
A. O. MAC DONELL, 

Gen. Pass. Agt, F. C. & P. R. R. Co., JACKSONVILLE. 

J. E. LOCKWOOD, 

G. P. -A.., K. €., F. S. & M. R. R., KANSAS CITY, Mo. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beac 




I he Staruiard Guide. 



5T. LOUIS AND JACKSONVILLE. 





npH ROUGH Pul- 
man Drawing- 
room Sleeping Cars 
without chang'e by the 
N e w Short Line, 
comprising the South- 
. ' ' ,• , ' ern Railway, Illinois 

Central Railway 
(Cairo Short Line), Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham 
R. R., Florida Central & Peninsular R. R. 

The Holly Springs Route, The Everett Route — em- 
bracing St. Louis, Cairo, Holly Springs, Birmingham, An- 
niston. Atlanta, Macon, Everett, Jacksonville, Brunswick 
by the Sea. 

Wh)' not take the best route ? 

THE SOUTHERN RAILWAY. 

W. A. Turk, General Passenger Agent, Southern Rail- 
way Co., Washington, D. C. 

J. PL. Lock wool), General Passenger Agent, K. C, M. 
& B. R. R. Co., Kansas City. 

A. H. Hanson, General Passenger Agent, Illinois R. R. 
Co., Chicago, 111. 

A. O. Mac Donkll, General Passenger Agent, Elorida 
Central & Peninsular R. R. Co., Jacksonville, Florida. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 




The Standard Guide. 

QUEEN & CRESCENT 

; — trains all run to the g-reat winter resorts 

of Florida and the South, via the famous 
battle-tields at Chattanooga, ^Missionary 
Ridge, ChickamauLTa and 
Lookout Mountain. 

These trains are vesti- 
buled limited palaces of 
luxur)-. They 
run bet w e e n 
Cincinnati and 
Jacksonville 
solid without 
change over a 
line 109 miles 
shorter than 
competitors. 

The scenery 
en route is the 
most varied and 
of the greatest 

interest, historically, to be found in the entire South. It includes 
the crreat Blue Grass Region, High Bridge, the Cumberland Pla- 
teau, the Emory River, the \^alley of the Tennessee, and the 
battle-fields between Chattanooga and Atlanta. Be sure your 
tickets read via the 

QUEEN & CRESCENT. 

4« •^ ^ W. C. RINE ARSON, General Passenger Agent, Cincinnati, O. 

C rculars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Aug-jstine and Palm Beach. 



GENERAL GRANT AND GENERALS OX POINT 
LOOKOUT. 

From a ivar-time photograph. 



Trains are gasdighted and 
steam-heated, and fitted with 
all modern appliances. 




The Slajtdard Guide. 

Norfolk and Washington 

^^cxSteamboat Company. 

NEW AND POPULAR ROUTE BETWEEN 

Washington, D. C, Old Point Comfort, Norfolk, 
Virginia Beach and the South. 




The new and magnificent Steel Palace Steamers of this line, the steamers 
"Newport News," "Norfolk" and "Washington," most luxuriously fitted through- 
out, having Steam Heat in staterooms. Electric Lights and Call Bells in each room^ 
leave Norfolk and Washington daily on the following schedule: 



NORTHBOUND. 

teave PORTSMOUTH 5.50 P. M. 

*♦ NORFOLK 6.10 " 

" FORTRKSS MONROE 7.30 " 

Arrive ALEXANDRIA 6.00 A. M. 

" WASHINGTON 6.30 " 



SOUTHBOUND. 

Leave "WASHINGTON 7.00 P. M, 

ALEXANDRIA 7.30 

Arrive FORTRESS MONROE 6.:10 A. 31 

NORFOLK 7.30 " 

PORTSMOUTH 8.00 



Close connection made with all rail lines at Norfolk, Fortress Monroe and 
Washington, D. C, for all points North, South, East and West. 

Passengers going or returning to Wilmington, Raleigh, Charlotte, Charleston, 
Savannah, Atlanta, Jacksonville and principal Southern cities, are given an oppor- 
tunity by this route to stop over at the National Capital, Fortress Monroe or 
Virginia Beach. 

By taking this route the passenger is afforded a pleasant ride on the Potomac 
River and Chesapeake Bay, thus breaking the monotony of an all rail ride. 

The excellence of the meals furnished on these magnificent steamers has been a 
great factor in their popularity. The dining-room service is a la carte, meals being 
served at hours convenient to the passengers. 

Tickets on sale via Atlantic Coast Line and Norfolk and Carolina R. R., and 
via Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line and at all principal railroad offices. 
North, South, East and West. 

Ask for tickets via the new Norfolk and Washington line of steamers. 

JNO. CALLAHAN, GenT Manager. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, .St. Augustine and Palm Beachi 



The Standard Guide. 

OLD DOMINION LINE. 

The largest all water daily line IN THE WORLD. 

Favorite Route between the North and South. 

Large, fine, ucean - going 
steamships, performing daily 
service between 

New York 

AND 

Old Point Comfort, 




Richmond, Va. 

Connecting: with Railroads 
Diverging. 

Tlie opening of tlie magni- (a 
ficent new hotels, "Jefferson" 

at Richmond and "Chamber- ^"^^^ interior finish of these beautiful steamships is as rich in woodwork and 

luxurious in upholstery as that of a palace "] 

in at Old Point Comfort, 

should prove attractive and advantageous to the Florida tourist, as a long, continuous 

ourney can be pleasantly broken by stopping at either of these places. 

THROUGH TICKETS AND BAGGAGE CHECKED TO ALL POINTS. 

For full information as to rates, schedules, etc., address 

3LD DOMINION STEAHSHIP CO., Pier 26 North River, New York. 
W. L. QUILLAUDEU, Vice=Pres't. and Traffic Manager. 

jCirculars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Pa m Beach. 



The Standard G2tidc. 




HOTEL MAJESTIC, 

central Park West and 72 d Street, New York City. 

ONE of the grandest and finest appointedl 
hotels in the world. Under the personal!, 
direction of Mr. J. H. King, formerly of the^ 
Tampa Bay Hotel, Tampa, Florida. -;, 

Circulars also at che Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm I'.each. 



The Standard Guide. 



THE * STAFFORD 



* 




'^^ Jvt^ 



/\l\- 

bt 



WASHINGTON PLACE, BALTIMORE, 



T^UROPEAN PLAN: Rooms, One Dollar and a Half 

and Upwards. Absolutely fireproof. 
Equipped with all modern improvements. Situated on 
Washington Place, at the foot of Washington Monument, 
in the most fashionable part of the city, convenient to 
depots, theaters and business centers. 

Cuisine Unexcelled. 4- •^ •?• * 

JAMES P. A. O'CONOR, Manager. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Itilormatioii Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Bsach. 



TJic Standard Guide. 




T"E SHOREHAM, Washington, D. C 



AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. 



THE SHOREHAM is most advantageously situated, being in the 
center of the most fashionable section of the citv, accessible 
from all points of interest, within five minutes' walk ol the Executive 
Mansion, and of the War. Navv. State and Treasurv Departments. 
An absolutely fireproof hotel. 

JOHN T. DEVINE. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 



The Standard Gicide^ 

THE FREDONIA. First-Class Family Hotel. 

AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. 

1321=1323 H Street Northwest, Washington, D. C. 

"A nODERN HOTEL HOME. 

"The man without a home of his own will find this hotel! 
of 100 rooms the next best thing to it. It is centrally 
located, thoroughly equipped with every modern 
appliance, both for comfort and safety, newly fur= 
nished throughout from top to bottom, convenient 
to all lines of cars, and is in the midst of many of" 
the city's most prominent points of interest. It is 
conducted upon both the American and European 
Plans, and has a cuisine not excelled by any hostelry 
in the city." 




RATES. 

American.— One person: $2.50 per day, $14 per 
week, $40 per month and upward. Two persons, $4.50 
per day, $25 per week, $75 per month and upward. 

European.— Rooms, one person, $1 per day and up~ 
ward. Two persons, $1.50 per day and upward. 

Special Excursion Rates 

Will be quoted to parties of 20 or more upon application to- 

WASHINGTON DANENHOWER, 

Proprietor. 



THE ST. JAMES, European, 

WASHINGTON, 

D. C. 

Corner Penn. Av. & 6th St. 

Best family hotel at 
the National Capital. 
We make you feel at 
home on arrival. Sin- 
gle rooms $1.00 per day 
and upwards ; suites, 
with bath, $3.00 to 
$6.00. Appointments 
of Ladies' and Gentle- 
men's Cafe and Dining 
Room up to date. Ele- 
vator, steam heat and 
fire escapes. 

LEVI WOODBURY, Prop. 
H. T. WHEELER, Manager. 

the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 




Circulars also at 



The Standaj^d Guide. 



ITT 



^^k' 



J 




Fourteenth and F Streets, N. W. 



WASH8NQT0N, D. ( 



II. ( '. I?URCH, ]Mfcina<zor. 



On your return North do not fail to stop at 

THE HYGEIA HOTEL, Old Point Comfort, Vi 




Unrivalled as a health and pleasure resort. Air balmy and full of life-givi' 
ozone.. New sanitary plumbing, perfect drainage, and all the comforts of t| 
modern home. Castalia Spring Water, one of the purest waters know 



supplied to guests without cost. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augu^^tine and Palm Beach. 



F. N. PIKEi 



1 



The Stajidai'd Giudc. 

THE RALEIGH, 

PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE AND TWELFTH STREET, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Opened Januaiy i, 1S95. European plan. For ladies and gentlemen. Most 
:entral location in the city. 

Entire Construction Absolutely Fireproof. 

Every floor lighted by electricity and heated by steam. Complete equipment of 
)ublic and private baths. Elegant cafe, ladies' restaurant, private dining and 
)anquet rooms. Handsomely finished and furnished throughout. 

Rates for Rooms, $1 per Day upwards. 
T. J. TALTY, Hanager, late of the Auditorium Hotel, Chicago. 



<:iMBALL HOUSE, 



Atlanta, Georgia. 



Accommodations for 1,000 Guests. 

THE elevation of Atlanta at the 
Kimball House is 1,050 ieet above 
ocean level - a higher elevation, with 
one exception (Denver, Colorado), than 
that of any other city of equal popula- 
tion in the United States. 

Considering the many superior ad- 
vantages possessed by Atlanta i natural 
and artificial), her geographical posi- 
tion, unsurpassed natural drainage 
su jplemented by skillfui sanitary en- 
gineering ; her sa ubrious climate and 
healthfulness; her extended, widely 
ramifying external railway connections, 
and internal (one hundred miles) elec- 
tric street car lines ; her general busi- 
ness facilities and well-^rraded and well- 
paved st'eets; her many churches and 
well-equipped schools — public and 
private; her beautiful and attractive 
recreative reports, and mineral springs 
within .'ind near the city limits- it is 
not at all surprising that Atlanta should 
have outstripped her sister cities in 
popularity as a Winter Resort. 

WINTER TOURISTS 

j . . , . desiring to stop over, either going to or 

fetuming from Southern Winter Resorts, will find the Kimrall one of the handsomest, best kept, and most conveniently 
ituated hotels in the South. There are , Mo Weary Transfers to distant portions of the city, and your baggage is 
'elivered at the hotel and sent to the depots without any additional cost. Reservations by mail or telegram promptly 
ttended 10. 




WARREN LELAND, JR., Manager. CHARLES BEERMANN & CO., Proprietors. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Infjrmation Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 



The Standard Guide. 




HOTEL JOHNSON, 

Washington, D. C. 

ESAU L. JOHNSON, Proprietor. 

American and European Plans. Marine 
■products a specialty. Lifetime experience. 

RATES : 
American Plan, $2.50 and up. 
European Plan, $1.00 and up. 



HOTEL OXFORD 



14th St. and New York Av., N. W. 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. 

Rates, American, $2 50 per day and upward. 
European, $1 00 per day and upward. 

The most centrally located and liberally 
managed hotel in the citv. 

H. P. HARSHALL & CO., Proprietors. 



Hotel 

Regent 

IPENNSYLVANIA AVE. & 15TH ST. 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



AHERICAN PLAN: 

$3.00 per day. 

EUROPEAN PLAN : 

$1.00 per day and up. 

V * T. H. BRUSH. 



The Only Hodern Hotel in the City 
Centrally Located. 

THE LEXINGTON. 




AflERICAN PLAN: 

$2.50 to $4.00 per day. 
EUROPEAN PLAN: 

$1.00 to $3.00 per day. 

A. D. ATKINSON, Proprietor. 
S. T. ATKINSON, Manager. 

Corner Twelfth «& Main Streets, 

RICHMOND, VA. 



-Circulars ^l.s.o at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 



The Standard Guide. 




OVERLOOKING ST. JAMES PARK. 
_ Accommodations for 500 Guests. 



The ST. JAMES. 



cksonville, Florida. 
J. R. Campbell. 




N. L. WARD, Prop., JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



TTOTEL PLA.CIDE. 



Onf-n ,11 tli . ,. .^ -. • -••• Main St., One Block from Bay. 

ten .,11 the vcar. . Rates >^2r.o to $4.00 per day. . Special rates to families by week or niontn. 

EVEKYTHING NEW AND FIRST-CLASS 

Circular, also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. i^l^A^S,. 



The Standard Guide. 




FuORI DAr: 



jmiTrir?]^ Decembeir to May 









TS^Jly 



npHE HOTEL MAGNOLIA is centrally 
^ located, on St. George Street, in one of 
the quanitest and most picturescjue quarters of 
St. Augustme. 

The l:)uildiniT- is in the Oueen Anne style, 
and nearly all front rooms command fine yiews 
of the Bay and Ocean. 

Distilled water f)r drinking. Perfect sani- 
tary arrangements. Hot and cold water l:)aths. 
Electric bells. Lio^hted throuohout with oas. 
Terms moderate. 

Palmer & McDowell, Managers. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Infor-iatinn Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 




A HEALTH FOOD 



GRANOLA, 

An invalid food prepared 1)> a combination of grains so treated as to 
retain in the preparation the Hijsjhesl Degree of Xutrient Ouali- 

ties, while eliminating every element of an irritating character. 

Thoroughly Cooked and Partial If Digested. 

One Pound More than Equals Three Pounds of Best Beef 
in Nutrient Value, as determined h\ chemical analysis, besides af- 
fording a better quality of nutriment. Thoroughly cooked, and ready 
for use in one minute. 

GRANOSE 

Is a preparation from wheat in crisp, delicate flakes, thoroughly cooked 
by processes which make it easy of digestion, and because of the deli- 
cious, nutty flavor imparted, grateful to the most fastidious taste. 

GRANOSE requires no cooking nor other preparation, but is 
ready for immediate use ; eaten with or without cream it is the 
most wholesome and palatable of foods. 

Single Samples FREE b>- mail. 

For a full line of samples of <Kir incomparable Health 
Foods, send 25 cts. for postage. 



BATTtE GREEK SANITARIUM HEALTH FOOD CO., 

BATTLE CREEK, MICH, 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 

DA, St. Augustine, F!ori 




T his hotel IS upon the highest natural ground in the center of the city, and the most convenient to phtces of amusement 
and interest. With its southern and favorable exposure it is the most thoroughly dry. Its peculiar surroundings shelter it 
from any inclement changes, insurins; the enjoyment of awn and verandas with safety. The water used for drinking and 
cooking has been long known and remembered for its superiority, and is the very best in the city. Equipped with elevator, 
gas, electric bells and all modern conveniences. Capacity, 2so guests. Special inducements to guests for January and 
February. Reduced from $4 to $2 and «3 per day. J. T. SKILES, formerly Li-K.vv Inn, late Eseeol.\ Inn. 



The Buckingham, opposite Alcazar, Granada Street. 

A NEW FAHILY HOTEL. 




Large ''oonis, niock'rn appointments, ternis motlei'ate. l-'or particulars address 

G. C. HOWE, Proprietor. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 




HOTEL * GRANADA, 

ST. AUGUSTINE. 

Open from December to May. Facing Ponce de Leon and 

Alameda. 

J. F. CHAMPLIN, Proprietor. 



READ AND ADVERTISE IN 

THE ''TATLER" of Society in the South 

Published Every Saturday in St. Augustine, Florida. 

FIFTH YE^AR. 

A spicy, bright paper of twenty pages, giving arrivals at the principal hotels in this and neighbor- 
ing States; makes personal mention, describes social events. 

Subscription, $i for the Season; Single Copies, lo cents. 

Sold on die trains, in the hotels and news stands. For advertising rates and subscription address 
Wrs. AX5iA M MAR.COTTF, Editor aud Proprietor. 

Visitors to the State are invited to send name and journeyings to Editor; all correspondence strictly confidential. Live 
news anJ social matters furnished newsjapeis. 

Circulars also ?t th^ Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Ileach. 



7/ic Stajidard Guide. 




SHADY STREET IN ST. AUGUSTINE. 



BARGAINS * IN =- REAL « ESTATE. 

This year we are offering building lots in the Atwood Field — an old orange grove. These lets are 
centrally located — five minutes' from the post-office — and are high and dry. The location is a choice one 
for home plots. The greatest bargains in real estate ever offered in St. Augustine. For map and 
particulars address " ST. AUGUSTINE IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. 



The Spear Mansion, 


Dr. E. M. Goodrich, 


St. George Street, 


Northern Dentist -i- * 


ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA, 


OF 


Stands in large, well kept grounds, and 


^ 25 Years Experience. 


offers pleasant rooms and an excellent 




table. 


OFFICE AND RESIDENCE, 


TERMS : 


NORTH ST. GEORGE STREET, 


$io to $20 per Week. 


NEAR THE CITY GATES. 



i^ THE LA BORDE, K^ 



Marine and Bridge Streets, © 



St. Augustine, Fla. 



A quiet, homelike and thoroughly comfortable family hotel, beautifully located on the bay front, and having large 
sunny rooms. The proprietor give-; personal attention to every detail of the management. 

J. C. ABBOTT, PROPRIETOR. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 



The Standard Guidc\ 




El Unico is :i pretty and al- 
together unique Shop, situated 
under the Great Arch, and in 
the Round Tower of the Hotel 
Cordova. The souvenirs sold 
here, beside beinir of original 
designs, have inherent artistic 
value and are entirely differ- 
ent from the articles ordinarily 
found in "Curiosity Shops." 

A Perfect Orange Knife. 

- -^% It may be had also with 

handles of various special 

Si\ Augustine Souvenir Handle, with designs in Antique Celluloid, 

design of palm leaves and sea shells; the City Silver Plate, Ivory, Pearl and 

Gate carved in relief on one side and the old Sterlino" Silver Illustrated 

Spanish Fort on the other. circular sent on application. 



El Unico. Hotel Cordova. 

(Under th; Arch and in ilie Kimnd T v.er ) 




El 6li?ico Onar?3c Kr?if€ 



lliiMiiiii!;.. 
''^Has a fine sum t<4' 



S El Unico % 

% Artistic $- 

^ Souvenir % 

^ Books ^ 

'd Stationery ^ 

X, Artists' ^ 

'4: Materials ^ 

% Cut Flowers ^ 

$ Choice ^ 

^ Confections ^j 

% Florida Fruits M 



EL UNICO BV=TH2=SEA, 
Opposite Palm Beach Inn, 
Palm Beach, Fla. 



St. Augustine and 
Lake Worth 
Souvenir Pocket 
Knife. 

Self Opening:. 

Handles of Alumi- 
num, Bronze and 
Sterling Silver. 

El Uni&i. 




HOTEL CORDOVA, 

UNDER THE ARCH AND IN THE ROUND TOWEK, 

St. Augustine, Fla. 



Siandarcl G^iidc Advertiser. 



MUSEUn 



VISIT DR. J. VEDDER'S 

t AND ' MENAGERIE. 



FJorida WiEd Animals, Birds, Fish, Crustaceans and Reptiles. 




DR. J. VKDDER. 

Dr. J. Vedderwas born in Schenectady, N. Y., July 22, 
1819. In July, 1839, he was employed by the tJtica & 
Syracuse R. R., and he had charge of a locomotive, being 
the youngest engineer on his division, and to day he is 
doubtless the oldest living engineer in the United States. 
In 1841 he invented the sand box, s milar to that now in use. 



ANIMALS. — Large Black Bear caught on Anastasia 
Island when young. Otters, most beautiful of the aquatic 
family. Wild Cats (Lynx rufus)^ Mink, Gray Fo.xes, Fawn, 
Skunks, deprived of their musk glands; Opossum, Rac- 
coons, Fo.x Squirrels. The Jutia from the West Indies, the 
only one known to be in the United States. And many other 
soecimens. BIRDS. — Darter or Snake Birds, jriald Eagle, 
Great Blue Heron, Sandhill Crane, White Heron, White 
Egret, Wood Ibis, White Ibis. Turkey Buzzard, Great 
Horned Owl, Barred Owl, Paraquet, Mottled Owls, 
Hawks, Monkey Faced Owl, Pelican, Falcon, etc. 
REPTILES— Monster Alligator. Crocodile from 
India, monster Rattlesnake, Scorpion, Centipede, monster 
Moccasin Snake, Ground Rattlesnake, Coach Whip, Adder, 
Serpent Lizard or Glass Snake, Cobra de Capello from India. 
Alcohol and Mounted Specimens by the Hun- 
dreds. Live Alligators for sale, boxed for shipment. Alli- 
gators artistically mounted -all sizes. Birds, bird Skins, 
Plumes, Feathers, Pompons in great variety. Metallic 
Boxes for shipping orange blossoms and flowers for sale. 
Anthropological Indian specimens, including skull of an 
aboriginee, plainly showing indentation made by stone 
battle-axe. 

Tourists can procure without cost, DR VEDDER'S 
FOLDER at the Hotel Offices, giving condensed history 
of St. Augustine, valuable as a reference and to send home, 
also giving a fuller account of this collection. 
ADMISSION 35 CKNTS, CHILDREN 10 CENTS 
SEASON TICKETS, Sll.OO, 



"Wonders of Land and Sea in Great Variety, 

ON BAY ST. OPPOSITE BATH HOUSE 

Entrance through Old Spanish Building and Genuine 
Curiosity Store, containing among others the follow- 
ing Specimens: 

OCEANIC WONDERS. 

Monster Sun '^'\%\\—Orthcigoriscus^ family dio- 
dotitidoe. The largest one in the world. The one in 
the British Museum measures 7ft. 6in.j and one recently 
caught near Los Angeles 8ft. 2in., which was supposed 
to be the largest. 'Ihe specimen on exhibition here is 
loft. high and 9ft. long. It was captured at Matanzas 
Inlet. Larere Manatee or Sea Cow. Also skele- 
ton. Manatiis americaniis. Caught at St. Lucie 
Inlet, Fla. The celebrated sea cow, Romeo, one of the 
largest ever captured. liottln Headed AVIiale - 
A cetaceous animal, belonging to the family Baleveni- 
doe, when full grown about 25ft. in length. Rare 
species. Woundt-d and came on shore at Bird Island, 
opposite the lighthouse. Monster Sa\y Fish— 14ft. 
long, captured in St. Augustine Bay. Large Jew 
Eisli —Sea black bass. Epinephhis niguitus. Tar- 
pon, the Silyer King 7ft. long; the largest one 
in Florida; in its natural lustre. PORPOISE, a very 
large specimen. Monster Man-Ealer Shark 
One of the largest ever captured. Also Sand, Blue, 
Shovel-nose, Hammer-head Sharks, Torpedo or Elec- 
tric Ray, Octopus or Devil Fish, Trunk Fish, Scabbard 
Fish, Old Man of the Sea, Gurnard, Pipe Fish, Bat 
Fish, Sea Horse, Frog Fish, Sole, Flounder, Shark 
Sucker, Cabalia, Sheepshead, Cobia, Trigger Fish, 
Mediterranean Sky Gazer, Globe Fish, Sea Porcupine, 
Spotted Ray, Smooth Back Sting Ray, Prickly Ray, 
etc. The Guitarro {Rkinobatus lentiginosiis\. First 
described and classified in 1880 by Prof Garman Very 
rare. The Lnte, or Leathery Turtle— ^/Aar- 
gis coriacea. This turtle exceeds all others in size. 
Agassiz states that he has seen them weighing over a 
ton. This turtle was known to the ancient Greeks, and 
of its carapace the first lyre is supposed to have been 
formed, the seven ridges on the back suggesting the 
adoption of seven strings, which was th-i ancient number. 
Hence it is called the Lute Turtle. 




ON BA.Y STREET CORNER TREASURY, WHERE THE FLAGS ARE FLYING. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureau. 



Tiic Standard Guide. 




Across 



i?^ Plaza 



in the Lvon Building, adjoin- 
ino- the Cordova, the 



show a complete assortment 

of Home Made Florida Preserves, Guava Jelly, Whole Preserved Guavas, 

Guava Marmalade, Preserved Figs, Chocolates, and the choicest Bon Bons. 

Fine Havana Cigars — the best that money can buy. w ^ ^ 

Established 1875. 

Q. T. BUNTING, 

HANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN 

Furniture, Mattresses & Pillows. 



CHARTER OAK STOVES AND RANGES. 



Picture Frames, flouldings 



and Fancy Cabinet Ware. 

(N. B. — Undertaking Department entirely separate.) 
^ 4. TELEPHONE, Store No. 3. ^ ^. - 

Nos. 45 & 52 North Charlotte Street, St. Augustine, Fla. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach, 



The Standard Guide. 

THE HARLAN, Lake HeJen, Fla. 

ATTRACTIONS : 

IN THE GREAT PINE FOREST. Shooting— Deer, Wild Turkeys, 

etc. Boating on the Lake ; Fishing in the Lake. Drives, 

Bilhards, Pool, Bowling, Tennis, Croquet. 

AMONG ORANGE GROVES. 

CHARLE5 S. HOLriES and MRS. L. VERTREES=WATKINS, Managers. 

Rates, $2.50 to $3.50 per Day. Special Rates by the Week. 



THE PUTNAM, De Land, Fla. 




THE PUTNAM is De Land's 
largest hotel. Situated in the midst 
of an orange grove. Comfortable and 
home-like. Rates moderate. Accom- 
modations for one hundred. 

n. E. GOULD. 



THE ELBORDEN HOUSE, Halifax Beach, 

Opposite Daytona, Facing the Ocean. 

A small house, but first-class accommodations, where visitors can enjoy a southern beach in mid- 
winter. Bathingf all the vear round. Rates. $2 per day. 



Address, Sea Breeze P. O., Fla. 



SYDNEY HAIGH, Proprietor. 




Spanish 
Coat of 
Arms 
Souvenirs 
all kinds. 



C. R SULZNER, Manufacturing Jeweler. 

Sterling Silver Souvenirs in Kxcltisive Designs. 



BELT BUCKLES, 

SLEEVE BUTTONS, 



HAT PINS, 

STICK PINS, 



TEA and COFFEE 

SPOONS, Etc., Etc. 



UNDER HOTEL CORDOVA, / <r^ An<rn<;fmp Fl^ 
Factory, No. II St. George St., ^•^»^- AUgUStmC, Ma. 

Summer Br.'\nch: Narragansett Pier, R. i. 



Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St, Augustine and Palm Beach. 



The Standard Gziide, 




HOTEL COQUINA 

ORMOND= 

by=the= 
Sea, 
FLORIDA. 



The Acknowledged Home of the Tarpon. 



^ 



Attractions are Orange 
Groves, Gardens, Walks, 
Drives, Bicycling, Boating, 
and Fishing. 

Surf Bathing all the year. 

Rate $3.00 to $3.50. 

SEISER & VINING, 

Managers. 



\^^' 







fH^PUNt/q OORD/V- 



NABboti ^\^^^^«tK. 



'^mMmJmM} 



This resort offers superior in- 
ducements to fishermen; while 
deer and other game which abounil 
furnish rare sport for the hunter. 
Most perfect climate in the world, 
amid tropical surroundings. All 
rooms front the harbor and contain 
every modern convenience, includ- 
ing gas and steam heat. Superb 
orchestra, excellent livery, unex- 
celled cuisine, the table being sup- 
plied daily with fresh vegetables 
from the hotel garden, besides a 
variety of chc)ice sea food. Naphtha 
launches, sail and row boats of 
every description. Special induce- 
ments to guests during December 
For further information write 



and April. Interesting book upon the tarpon free on application 

^ ^^ 4- F. H. ABBOT7\ Manager 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Au'ju.tine and Palm Beach. 



T/ic Standard Giiidc. 

The South's^amous Health Resort. 

"Way down on de Suwanee Ribber." 

SUWANEE SPRINGS, 

Suwanee, Florida. 

Situated on the Main Line of the Savannah, Florida & A\'estern Railway. 

174 Miles from Savannah, Ga. 
90 Miles from Jacksonville, Fla. 

Assured Cure for Kiduev Troubles. 

DAILY DEMONSTRATED TO HE 

y4n Infallible 
Mineral IVater 

IN THE CURE OF 
Rheumatism, Gout, Malaria, Indigestion, Nervous Dyspepsia, Constipation, 
Loss of Appetite, Nervous Prostration, Skin Diseases, Liver Diseases, 
Jaundice, Female Troubles, Eczema and all Blood Affections. 

Hotel Accommodations Unsurpassed 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 




The Standard Guide. 

t 




The Hot Springs 
of arkansas, 



I - ■ ^ ^^ ONLY HEALTH RESORT | 

I^| OWNED, ENDORSi;i) AM) CONDUCTKI) 1!V % 

I The United States Government. | 

I RECOGNIZED WINTER CAPITAL of the BEST SOCIETY | 

% OF THE NATION. % 

I The Superb Hotel Eastman is Now Open. | 

■^ 'Iliree Hundred other Hotels and Boarding Houses open the year round at prices to suit %^ 

%, all. ("limate mild, with aliundance of sunshine. Average winter temperature, 6o". M. 

I REDUCED EXCURSION RATES ON RAILROADS. \ 

t| Tn(]uiries answered and illustrated pamphlets sent free upon application to ^ 

I H. DURAND, Manager Hot Sprinifs Leagfue, Hot Springfs, Ark. 1 

IJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiiiiili 

The Peerless | 

50,000 Sold in One Year. | 

Five Times Smaller than any = 

Camera made. E 

Pictures Three Times Larger in = 

Proportion to Size. = 

Carried in pocket easily as a pack of cards. = 

Twenty-five pictures, one loading. = 

Strong metal case — weight 4 ounces. = 




Size, if^ X 2 inches. 
Boy or girl can use it. 
Work faultless. 



^ Send for Free Photographs = 

§ Showing samples of work, and book, "All About the Kombi." The = 

E Konibi is for sale by dealers everywhere, or sent postpaid (loaded for 25 ^: 

= pictures) on receipt of price, $3. Developing and printing of all kinds. = 

I KOMBI CAHERA CO. | 

= 132 and IJ4 Lake Street, = = = Chicago, III. = 
^ltlM:!:EnMIIIIIIIIIMIMIIIIII!Illlllllllllllllllllll!iniMIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIMMIIIIIIMIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII[llllli7 

Circulars a'so at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augustine and Palm Beach. 



The Standard Guide. 




THE STANDARD GUIDE TO WASHINGTON. 

Xo chapters devoted to Noah and the Flood. Practical, timely information for the 
tourist of to-day. Helps one to see Washington intelligently. Pictures — more than 
lOO. Handsome souvenir. Sold on trains, at hotel stands, everywhere; 25 cents. 
Remember the name — STANDARD GUIDE. Flag; on the cover. 




NEW STYLE. 

The best Traveling Companion for a lady or gentleman that can be bought for the same money is 
WATERMAN'S IDEAL FOUNTAIN PEN. 

POINTS OF EXCELLENCE. — The unsurpassed quality of its gold pens, the reliability of its feed, which 
has been proved by ten years' use, and the superiority of its new style of holder (see cut). These points com- 
bined make it the most convenient and satisfactory writing instrument. It is always ready, and writes continu- 
ously without shaking. Try it ; if it does not please you, return it, and we will give back what you paid for it. 

If .v<ur stationer will not supply the pen, do not accept anything else, but send at once fo. an illustrated 
price list and order direct of u?. 

L. E. WATERMAN COMPANY, 157 Broadway, New York, N. Y., U. S. A. 

Mention 
the Standard. _ 

BROWNIE CHILD'S SEAT. 

Can be attached securely to the bicycle in 
five seconds, without the aid of clamps, bolts or 
straps. Cannot injure the tubing or enamel. It 
is adapted to carry little babies, or children until 
they are 8 years old. Weighs 28 ozs. Frame, 
5-16 steel spring wire. Seat, veneered board. 
Fits all modern bicycles except drop frames. 

Price, $2.50. 

KALAHAZOO CYCLE CO. 

KaHamazoo, Mich. 

Manufacturers of the Kalamazoo Parcel Carriers, Child's Seats, Baby Carriers, Mail 
Carriers and Trouser Guards. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, ft. Augustine and Palm Beacn. 




The Standard Guide. 



Old Saint Augustine: 



Coquina Edition. 




Copyright 1892, by E. H. Reynolds. 



XT EVER, was volume more fittingl}r 
^^ clothed than Old St. Augustine in 
the beautiful Coquina Edition. The 
cover is a marvelous reproduction of a 
block of coquina, the native shell-stone 
from which Fort Marion, the City Gate- 
way and old-time walls and dwellings 
were constructed. 

Mr. Reynolds delineates in a clear and graphic 
way the shifting panorama of St. Augustine's 
history, and he has succeeded in writing a little 
volume which is full of light, shade and color, 
and one which will be welcomed as an adequate 
memento. — Suuday School Times. 

Illustrated. Price, One Dollar. Sold 
by all the book dealers. Sent postpaid 
by the "Sjtandard Guide" Publishers. 




You may go shooting and get no game, or fishing and catch no fish; but you cannot buy 
a copy of the "Forest and Stream" (this week or next week or any week) without finding it 
brimful of capital sketches of shooting and fishing, and papers on natural history and sports- 
man's travel and experiences, and discussions of yachting and canoeing. A paper for men. 
Sold everywhere. Price lo cents; $4.00 per year. Enlarged to 32 pages. 

BOOKS ON OUTDOOR SPORTS: 

With Fly-Rod and Camera (Samuels), $5; Fly-Rods and Fly-Tackle (Wells), $2.50; American Anglers- 
Book (Norris), $5.50; American Fishes (C.oode), $5; Book of the Black Bass (Henshall), $3; \\ood- 
craft (Nessmuk), $1; 611 Hints and Points for Sportsmen (Seneca), $1.50; Log Cabins; How to 
Build and Furnish Them (Weeks), $1.50; Camp Life in the Woods; Tricks of Trapping (Gibson), 
$1- The Still Hunter (Van Dyke), $2; Names and Portrait of Birds which Interest Gunners (Trum- 
bull) $2.50; Wild Fowl Shooting (Leffingwell), $2.50; Field, Cover and Trap-Shootmg (Bogardus), 
$"• Doo-s- Their Management and Treatment in Disease (Ashmont), $2; Practical Dog Irammg; 
or Training vs. Breaking (Hammond), $1; House and Pet Dogs, 50 cents; Canoe and Boat Build- 
ing for Amateurs (Stephens), $2; Small Yachts: Their Design and Construction (kunhardt), $10. 

We are L laraest publishers in America of books on Outdoor Sports. Send for FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 

of our books on Angling, Shooting, Hunting, Camp Life, Yachting, Canoeing, Travel, Adventure. 

FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO., 318 Broadway, New York. 



The Standard Guide. 



F. S. FROST, Pres't. 



H A. LAWRENCE, Trsas. 



H. C. GARDNER, Sec'y. 



FROST & ADAMS, 

Importers and Wholesale Dealers in 

Artists' Materials, Arcliitects' aiul Eiipieers' Supplies, Matlieiuatical Instruments, Etc. 



ARTISTS' OUTFITS OF EVERY KIND. 

Winsor & Newton's Oil and 

Water Colors. 

Tucker & Green's Oil Colors. 

Le Mesurier's Oil Colors. In 
Donble, Quadruple and Octu- 
ple size Tubes. 

F. W. Devoe's Oil Colors. 

Edouard's French Oil Colors. 

D. & F. Schoenfelds' German 
Oil Colors. 

)o( 

Ebonized Panels. 

Sketch Blocks. „=-__ 

Plaques of all kinds. 

China Colors. 

Mirrors for Decorating. 

Artists' Boxes. 

Artists' Brushes. 

Artists' Canvas. 

Handbooks on Art. 

Studies of all kinds. 

Lustra Painting Materials. =S^ 

IJronzes 

Brocades 



PICTURE FRAMING. 




Eigllsli, Freiicli, demaii anls 



LV ALL WIDTHS. 

)0(— 

And a large and varied 1 
assortment of goods • 
used by Artists, De- 
signers and Draftsmen. . 

)o( 

Spangles. 

China for Decorating. 
Paper Panels 
- Tambourines. 

Repousse Materials. 
z. Canvas Stretched. 
^ Drawing Instruments. 
•^ Placiue Rims 
FS Artists' Easels. 
e; Drawing Paper. 
jEf Materials for Tapestry ,ef<» 
^^ Kensington Painting Ma 
terials. 



Send for Catalogue. 



37 CORNHILL., BOSTON, MAS& 



to 



lO.HLlQHt 






SlCtU^ES 
^iCTURES 



^U.HtlCHT- pUNLlQHt BUHdCHT: ^UHl14HJ;|iUHWCHT- ^UHLICHT. 

^Il'te pCTfclRES PICTURES PICTURES PlC^y RES PICWl^ES 

yy/f\\\^ ^^^^^^,^^^^. '^.^^^^^^^^^^^. >x/, ,o^^■■~"~ '^i:^-a^X>.i^- ^clLU'^'^^'^ 

Sunlight Pictures of Florida 

A collection of thirty-nine large half-tone plates, specially engraved from 
a carefully selected series of photographs. Tiie subjects comprise St. 
Augustine, Ormond, Rockledge, Palm Beach, Tampa, the St. John's 
and Ocklawaha Rivers, and Florida as seen by tourist eyes. In size and 
scope, binding, quality of illustrations and all that makes a beautiful art 
book, this volume of "Sunlight Pictures" is distinguished from 
all other works relating to Florida. _ - _ = 



Iu.hliSht 
pictyRS 



Sunlight Pictures is sold by all art 
dealers and book stores in Florida. 



WM^^ ^ 



SUHtlCHT ^UHtlCHT MHLlCiHT SU.HtlSHt 




PICTURES PICTURES PICTURES PICTURES PICTURES PICTURES 



PICTUREi 



The St a lid aril Gitidc, 



% 



F you are lookino- for lands ^ 



T 

1 for general farming, stock 
ranch, fruit and vegetable grow- 



tween 5t. Augustine and 



HAfl, Land Commissioner, 






f 

ing, or site for a home on the ^ 

East Coast of Florida, be- ;^ 






Miami on Biscay ne Bay, call ^ 

on or write to J. E. INGRA= ;:^ 



* 



Florida East Coast Railway, ^ 

St. Augustine, Florida. y> ;^ 

i 
% 
f 

i 



ircubis also at the Standard Guide Infor.iiation Bureaus, St. Augustine and Talni Beach. 



The Standard Guide. 

The Florida East Coast Hotel System, 

C. B. KNOTT. General Superintendent. 




ST. AUtJUSTlNt 



HOTEL PONCE DE LEON. 

GiLLis & Murray, Mauagt'i> 

Rate, $5.00 and upward per day. 
Onon .T.inuary to Aiiril. 






I if ,^ A „ 

^i?':i«i'",%x^'H ^i^^ 

^.•|■. AllUSTINK. 

HOTEL CORDOVA. 

Rooms Only. February and March. 








m^i 




HOTEL ROYAL POINCIANA. 

Merkii-i Manager 

Rate, $5.00 and upward per day. 
January 20 to April. 



HOTEL ALCAZAR. 

Jos. 1*. (iREAVES Manager. 

Rate, $3.00 and upward per day. 
Open Novenilier to Afiiy. 




^lUpMBIjIfi lllMii »..- -Ip. 1 
OU.M(J^D. 

HOTEL ORMOND. 

Anderson & Price Managers. 

Open ,fiuiu;ir\- 11 tci A pril. 
Rate, $4.0(1 and 'uiiwanl pur day. 




PALM BEACH INN. 

Pred Sterry, Manager. 

Rate, $4.00 and upward i)er day. 
0))cn December to May. 



The Great Hotels 



OF THE 



East Coast 



/- ^ 




AT ^5^ 




~N 





/ 



and the fsmous Orange Groves, Pineapple Plantations, 

Cocoanut Groves and Vegetable Farms of the country tributary to 

INDIAN RIVER, LAKE WORTH and BISCAYNE BAY 

are reached from Jacksonville via the 

FLORIDA EAST COAST RAILWAY. 



Railw^ay 



For copy of beautiful new book, best map of Florida and other 
information, address 

J. R. PARROTT, JOSEPH RICHARD50N, 

Vice-President. Qen'l Pass. Agent, St. Augustine. 



Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus, St. Augus:ine and Palm Beach. 



■:>- ... 










Circulars at the Standard Guide Information Bureau. 



